Fig. 3
Differentially methylated CpGs between newborns conceived by fresh and frozen embryo transfer and birthweight-associated CpGs. a Manhattan plot displaying the 78 differentially methylated CpGs (PFDR < 0.05) between the newborns conceived by fresh embryo transfer (n = 764) and frozen thawed embryo transfer (n = 126). The red dotted line refers to the Bonferroni threshold (P = 0.05/770,564), whereas the other dotted line in black refers to the FDR threshold. Adjustment variables include maternal age, smoking status, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, offspring sex, and plate number. b Quantile–quantile plot showing the birthweight-associated CpGs among the 78 frozen thawed embryo transfer-associated CpGs. The yellow dots refer to the CpGs that were also associated with birthweight. Adjustment variables include those mentioned in (a) and maternal education and intake of folic acid supplement. c Quantile–quantile plot showing the interactions of frozen thawed embryo transfer (fresh embryo transfer as a reference) and CpGs on birthweight. Adjustment variables were those mentioned in (b)