Table 4 Epigenetic diets and their properties in epigenetic regulation

Polyphenol

Kaempferol

HDAC inhibition

[323, 324]

SIRT3 activation

[322]

Phloretin

DNMT inhibition

[325]

Apigenin

DNMT inhibition

[326, 327]

HDAC inhibition

[326]

HMT inhibition

[327]

Luteolin

DNMT inhibition

[327, 328, 330]

HDAC inhibition

[329, 330]

HMT inhibition

[327]

SIRT activation

[329]

Hesperidin

DNMT inhibition

[331]

Quercetin

DNMT inhibition

[275, 326, 332]

HAT inhibition

[334]

SITR1 activation

[333, 344]

Caffeic acid

HDAC inhibition

[335, 336]

Chlorogenic acid

HDAC inhibition

[335]

Allyl mercaptan

HDAC inhibition

[337]

Diallyl disulfide

HDAC inhibition

[338,339,340]

Anthocyanin

DNMT inhibition

[325, 341]

miRNAs modulation

[342]

Piceatannol

SIRT1 activation

[333, 343, 344]

Procyanidin

DNMT inhibition

[283, 479]

HDAC inhibition

[283, 480]

SIRT1 modulation

[346, 347]

miRNA modulation

[342, 345, 348]

Resveratrol

DNMT inhibition

[268, 283,284,285,286]

HDAC inhibition

[283, 285, 287,288,289]

miRNAs modulation

[284, 299,300,301,302,303]

SIRT1 activation

[292,293,294,295,296]

Decreased MeCP2

[285]

Catechin (EGCG)

DNMT inhibition

[274, 275, 285, 481]

HAT inhibition

[270, 482]

HDAC inhibition

[276, 285, 481, 483]

Decreased MeCP2

[285]

miRNAs modulation

[278, 279, 281]

Theophylline

HDAC activation

[349, 350]

Biochanin A

DNMT inhibition

[350]

Daidzein

DNMT inhibition

[351]

Equol

Demethylation of BRCAs

[352]

Genistein

DNMT inhibition

[285, 306,307,308,309]

Decreased MeCP2

[285]

HDAC inhibition

[285, 306, 309]

HAT activation

[311, 313]

miRNAs modulation

[271, 318,319,320,321]

Curcumin

DNMT inhibition

[285, 353, 484, 485]

Decreased MeCP2

[285]

HAT inhibition

[354]

HDAC inhibition

[285, 355, 356]

miRNAs modulation

[357, 486,487,488,489]

Vitamin

Folate

One-carbon metabolism

[386, 490, 491]

HMT regulation

[491]

Epigenome regulation

[492]

miRNAs modulation

[405, 493,494,495]

Vitamin C

DNA demethylation

[360,361,362,363,364,365,366]

Histone demethylation

[367,368,369,370]

Epigenome regulation

[358]

Vitamin D

DNA methylation

[375,376,377,378,379, 468, 469, 496]

Histone modification

[372, 374, 380, 381]

Epigenome regulation

[372, 470]

miRNAs modulation

[497,498,499]

Choline

DNA methylation

[393,394,395,396,397,398, 401,402,403,404]

Histone methylation

[405]

miRNAs modulation

[405,406,407]

Other

Isothiocyanate

HDAC inhibition

[419,420,421,422]

Sulforaphane

HDAC inhibition

[269, 276, 409,410,411,412]

DNMT inhibition

[276, 414, 415]

miRNAs modulation

[414, 416,417,418]

Withaferin A

DNMT inhibition

[285, 411]

HDAC inhibition

[269, 285, 411]

HMT inhibition

[269]

HAT activation

[269]

miRNAs modulation

[500]

Se

DNA methylation

[436, 437, 439,440,441,442,443,444]

Histone modification

[436, 438]

DNMT inhibition

[436]

HDAC inhibition

[438]