Fig. 3

Enhanced downregulation of inflammatory mediators and pathways by apabetalone in ex vivo-treated DM2 + CVD monocytes as compared to controls. a Transcription of several genes is suppressed more robustly by apabetalone in monocytes from DM2 + CVD patients. mRNA expression levels are shown as % change following apabetalone treatment (25 μM) relative to the DMSO-treated baseline (100% dotted line). 2-Way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. b, c Predicted effect of apabetalone on b IPA® canonical pathways and c IPA® upstream regulators. IPA® output was based on the input of gene expression changes of more than 20% with apabetalone treatment (versus DMSO, p < 0.05). IPA® z-scores compare changes in gene expression (“activating” or “inhibiting”) in the experimental dataset to changes predicted by the literature. z < − 2 predicts a downregulation within a gene set associated with a canonical pathway or a transcriptional regulator. iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase, RXR retinoid X receptor, MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor, LXR liver X receptor, LPS lipopolysaccharide, APP amyloid protein precursor, EGR1 early growth response protein 1