Fig. 3

Differential DNAm aging in schizophrenia maps to specific age windows between sexes. A, B Shown are Δage differences between cases and controls across age groups for the Horvath (A) and Levine clock (B). For each age group, number of cases and controls, and meta-analytic effect size (β) and p-value (P) are presented. P-values are corrected for multiple testing (2 clocks × 5 groups = 10 tests). See Table S5 for more details on results and corresponding statistics. C–H Case–control Δage difference curves are visualized based on GAM predictions in the combined sample. Age intervals in which the 95% confidence interval of the difference estimate is different from zero are highlighted by dotted vertical lines. Identified age intervals for the Horvath and Levine clock are shown in (C–E) and (F–H), respectively. Results are shown for the full sample (left), women (middle), and men (right)