Fig. 1

Summary of EWAS of vitamin C vs placebo in buccal DNAm and 5 years. The Manhattan plot A shows the –log10(P) on the y-axis and chromosome position on the x-axis; red line indicates Bonferroni adjusted p value < 0.05 and blue line indicates FDR p < 0.05; labels annotate the top 3 DMCs. The volcano plot B shows the –log10(P value) on the y-axis and effect size (logFC) on the x-axis. Hypermethylated CpGs (i.e., higher methylation level in participants with vitamin C compared to those with placebo) are shown in red; hypomethylated CpGs in blue. The red line indicates FDR adjusted p value < 0.05 and blue line indicates candidates with nominal p < 0.001. The dot plot C shows enrichment of traits previously associated with the differentially methylated CpGs identified in this study following prenatal vitamin C supplementation