Fig. 1

Effect sizes for association between clinical variables of HIV status and epigenetic aging from older people living with HIV (OPLHIV) (N = 44), Eswatini, 2016–17. Effect estimates (95% Confidence Interval [CI]) for the change in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) calculated from dried blood spots from OPLHIV using HIV status-related variables, including: age at HIV diagnosis (red), years since HIV diagnosis (green), age at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation (light blue), years on ART (pink), CD4⁺ T cell count at enrollment (navy) and CD4⁺ T cell count at ART initiation (tan). Figure depicts change in Hannum EAA. Plots are adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, past smoking status, and estimated cell-type composition (CD4⁺ T cell, CD8⁺ T cell, NK cell, B cell, monocyte, and neutrophil). Significance taken at p < 0.05, represented by *; p < 0.05 *