Methylation of serotonin regulating genes in cord blood cells: association with maternal metabolic parameters and correlation with methylation in peripheral blood cells during childhood and adolescence

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the PlaNS participants

Characteristic
Maternal age at childbirth, years	34.0 [19.7–44.8]
Parity: primipara/multipara, N (%)	72 (35.5)/131 (64.5)
Pre-gestational BMI, kg/m²	23.4 [16.7–49.0]
Gestational weight gain, kg	13 [− 10–32]
Glucose tolerance status: NGT/GDM, N (%)	104 (51.2)/99 (48.8)
Tobacco use in pregnancy: no/yes, N (%) ^a	135 (70.3)/57 (29.7)
Gestational age at birth, weeks	39.1 [37.0–41.6]
Newborn sex: female/male, N (%)	98 (48.3)/105 (51.7)
Newborn birth weight, g	3450 [2440–5030]
Newborn ponderal index, g/cm³	2.81 [2.28–3.42]

Categorical data are reported as number of subjects (N) and percentage (%). Continuous data are reported as median [range]. BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; NGT, normal glucose tolerance
^a Women who reported never having smoked or having quit smoking at least 6 months before pregnancy were categorized as non-smokers, while women who reported having smoked throughout pregnancy or having quit smoking during pregnancy were categorized as smokers; unclear cases (N = 11) were treated as missing data

ISSN: 1868-7083