Table 1 Characteristics of pubertal development scale (PDS) in FinnTwin12, and pubertal age (PA) and EWAS covariates in FinnTwin12 and FinnTwin16

Height growth spurt*

1.91; 0.80

1.79; 0.77

2.01; 0.81

2.43; 1.08

2.24; 0.80

2.57; 1.22

Body hair growth*

1.56; 0.66

1.31; 0.51

1.74; 0.70

2.95; 0.72

2.60; 0.69

3.20; 0.63

Skin changes*

1.49; 0.55

1.31; 0.48

1.63; 0.56

2.03; 0.53

1.94; 0.52

2.10; 0.53

Breast development/

Voice change*

1.56; 0.67

1.05; 0.22

1.94; 0.64

2.56; 0.81

2.14; 0.95

2.86; 0.50

Menarche/

Hair growth on face*

1.07; 0.43

1.02; 0.14

1.10; 0.55

2.50; 1.44

1.24; 0.46

3.42; 1.19

PDS‡

1.52; 0.41

1.29; 0.26

1.68; 0.43

2.49; 0.65

2.03; 0.49

2.83; 0.54

Age at questionnaire

11.41; 0.29

11.42; 0.28

11.41; 0.29

14.04; 0.08

14.04; 0.09

14.04; 0.07

Pubertal age

13.28; 1.30

13.93; 1.16

12.75; 1.16

13.27; 1.29

14.00; 1.11

12.75; 1.14

13.30; 1.31

13.85; 1.20

12.76; 1.19

Age at DNAme

25.17; 4.15

25.40; 4.06

24.96; 4.21

22.73; 1.71

22.77; 1.72

22.71; 1.71

28.07; 4.33

27.98; 4.04

28.16; 4.61

EtOH g/day

11.21; 15.33

15.48; 18.77

7.49; 10.14

11.20; 14.49

16.48; 18.39

7.28; 8.88

11.23; 16.29

14.47; 19.10

7.79; 11.74

Smoking (Never;

Current;Former)

849; 572; 382

365; 297; 181

484; 275; 201

481; 352; 148

187; 172; 59

294; 180; 89

368; 220; 234

178; 125; 122

190; 95; 112