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Table 1 Independent cohorts used for the discovery, evaluation, and validation of biomarkers

From: Serum methylation of GALNT9, UPF3A, WARS, and LDB2 as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas

 

Discovery cohort n = 280

Biomarker evaluation cohort n = 48

Model validation cohort n = 105

AN

NN

AN

NN

AN

NN

Total (n)

150

130

27

21

66

39

Age median (range)

62.0 (51–72)

62.0 (51–72)

62.5 (50–75)

62.0 (51–75)

63.5 (50–75)

63.0 (50–72)

Sex

      

 Male

75

65

14

10

36

20

 Female

75

65

13

11

30

19

NCF

30

-

7

-

15

BEN

50

-

7

-

13

 Hemorrhoids

25

-

3

-

8

 Diverticula

25

-

4

-

5

NAA

50

-

7

-

11

AA

100

16

42

AA histology

 

    

 TA (size > 10mm)

52

11

24

 TVA

36

3

15

 VA

12

 

2

3

AA dysplasia

      

 LGD

96

13

36

 HGD

4

3

7

AA localization

      

 Distal

50

8

23

 Proximal

50

8

19

CRC

50

11

24

CRC AJCC stage

      

 Stage I

16

3

8

 Stage II

14

3

8

 Stage III

14

4

2

 Stage IV

6

1

6

CRC localization

      

 Distal

39

9

12

 Proximal

11

2

12

  1. The number of patients, age median and range, sex, and colorectal finding are provided for each sub-cohort. AN: advanced neoplasia; NN: no neoplasia; NCF: no colorectal findings; BEN: benign pathology; NAA: non-advanced adenomas; D-AA: distal advanced adenomas; P-AA: proximal advanced adenomas; TA: tubular adenoma; TVA: tubulovillous adenoma; VA: villous adenoma; LGD: low-grade dysplasia; HGD: high-grade dysplasia; CRC: colorectal cancer; and AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system