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Fig. 1 | Clinical Epigenetics

Fig. 1

From: Serum methylation of GALNT9, UPF3A, WARS, and LDB2 as noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas

Fig. 1

Study workflow. The study was divided into (i) a biomarker discovery phase, (ii) a candidate biomarker evaluation phase, and (iii) a selected biomarker validation. cfDNA: cell-free DNA; CRC: colorectal cancer; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; NCF: no colorectal findings; BEN: benign pathology; NAA: non-advanced adenomas; D-AA: distal advanced adenomas; P-AA: proximal advanced adenomas; NN: no neoplasia; AN: advanced neoplasia; DMP: differentially methylated position; and RRBS: reduced representation bisulfite sequencing

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