Fig. 2
From: Crosstalk between DNA methylation and hypoxia in acute myeloid leukaemia
Complex interactions between hypoxia and DNA methylation. Hypoxia may influence DNA methylation via direct effects on TET activity, altered transcription, or metabolic reprogramming. DNA methylation may also influence hypoxia responses. A Oxygen is an essential co-factor for TET enzymes, and hypoxia reduces TET-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation in some cancers. B In certain cell types, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFα, HIFβ) bind to hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) in TET and DNMT promoters to induce their expression. C In hypoxia, cancer cells can induce a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glutamine metabolism. In IDH wild-type cells, upregulated glutamine metabolism has been associated with production of 2-HG which can inhibit TET enzymes. D DNA methylation can prevent the binding of HIF complexes to HREs, altering transcriptional responses induced by hypoxia