Low levels of circulating methylated IRX3 are related to worse outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Table 3 Baseline characteristics depending on IRX3 methylation level

	Total cohort (n = 100)	IRX3^5mc−low (n = 50)	IRX3^5mc−high (n = 50)	p value
Age (years)	78.4 ± 0.6	77.6 ± 0.9	79.2 ± 0.9	0.208
Female sex, n (%)	41	22 (44)	19 (38)	0.542
BMI (kg/m²)	28.1 ± 0.5	28.2 ± 0.8	28.1 ± 0.7	0.955
Cardiac fibrosis (%)	17.8 ± 2.2	21.6 ± 3.7	15.0 ± 2.6	0.136
LVEF (%)	51.8 ± 1.6	48.9 ± 2.7	53.7 ± 1.9	0.140
LAVI (ml/m²)	49.9 ± 1.6	51.7 ± 2.5	48.0 ± 2.2	0.265
LVEDD (mm/m²)	24.5 ± 0.4	25.0 ± 0.6	24.0 ± 0.6	0.263
LVESD (mm/m²)	18.7 ± 0.5	19.6 ± 0.8	18.0 ± 0.7	0.137
LVMI (g/m²)	145.0 ± 4.6	149.1 ± 7.8	142.0 ± 5.7	0.454
Vmax (m/s)	3.90 ± 0.07	3.90 ± 0.10	3.90 ± 0.11	0.936
MPG (mmHg)	36.6 ± 1.5	36.2 ± 1.9	36.9 ± 2.4	0.811
AVA (cm²)	0.75 ± 0.02	0.77 ± 0.02	0.73 ± 0.03	0.245
Plasma creatinine (mg/dl)	1.24 ± 0.07	1.26 ± 0.09	1.22 ± 0.12	0.791
6MWT (m)	222.6 ± 13.1	229.1 ± 18.7	216.2 ± 18.4	0.624
STS score	5.25 ± 0.65	5.79 ± 0.61	4.66 ± 1.17	0.384
EuroSCORE II	6.63 ± 0.80	6.57 ± 0.81	6.71 ± 1.41	0.932
NYHA-class	2.78 ± 0.08	2.90 ± 0.10	2.66 ± 0.11	0.115
AF, n (%)	41	22 (44)	19 (38)	0.542
CAD, n (%)	70	33 (66)	37 (74)	0.383
Prior CABG, n (%)	12	5 (10)	7 (14)	0.538
Prior MI, n (%)	18	7 (14)	11 (22)	0.298
PAD, n (%)	24	14 (28)	10 (20)	0.349
DM, n (%)	39	19 (38)	20 (40)	0.838
CRD, n (%)	26	15 (30)	11 (22)	0.362

All continuous variables are presented as mean ± SEM. All categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequency
*p < 0.05
6MWT 6-min walking test; AF Atrial fibrillation; AVA Aortic valve area; BMI Body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; CAD: coronary artery disease; CRD: chronic respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung fibrosis); DM: diabetes mellitus; EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; IRX3^5mc−high: IRX3 methylation level above median (IRX3 methylation level ≥ 1.39%); IRX3^5mc−low: IRX3 methylation level below median (IRX3 methylation level < 1.39%); LAVI: left atrial volume index; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalized to BSA; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD: left ventricular end-systolic diameter normalized to BSA; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; MI: myocardial infarction; MPG: mean pressure gradient; NYHA: New York heart association; PAD: peripheral artery disease; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons; Vmax: aortic jet velocity. Group comparison: Unpaired Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi²-test for categorical variables

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