Low levels of circulating methylated IRX3 are related to worse outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Table 2 Baseline characteristics depending on cardiac mortality

	Total cohort (n = 100)	Cardiac death (n = 14)	No cardiac death (n = 86)	p value
Methylation level IRX3 (%)	1.74 ± 0.15	1.37 ± 0.28	1.80 ± 0.16	0.198
Age (years)	78.4 ± 0.6	76.3 ± 1.9	78.7 ± 0.7	0.190
Female sex, n (%)	41	4 (29)	37 (43)	0.308
BMI (kg/m²)	28.1 ± 0.5	30.6 ± 2.0	27.7 ± 0.5	0.196
Cardiac fibrosis (%)	17.8 ± 2.2	33.4 ± 6.3	14.8 ± 2.1	0.001**
LVEF (%)	51.8 ± 1.6	42.0 ± 4.7	53.8 ± 1.6	0.030*
LAVI (ml/m²)	49.9 ± 1.6	52.4 ± 4.2	49.4 ± 1.8	0.528
LVEDD (mm/m²)	24.5 ± 0.4	25.2 ± 1.3	24.4 ± 0.4	0.536
LVESD (mm/m²)	18.7 ± 0.5	18.4 ± 0.5	20.1 ± 1.7	0.240
LVMI (g/m²)	145.0 ± 4.6	147.2 ± 11.5	144.6 ± 5.1	0.837
Vmax (m/s)	3.90 ± 0.07	3.42 ± 0.13	3.97 ± 0.08	0.008**
MPG (mmHg)	36.6 ± 1.5	28.2 ± 2.4	37.9 ± 1.7	0.028*
AVA (cm²)	0.75 ± 0.02	0.70 ± 0.05	0.76 ± 0.02	0.288
Plasma creatinine (mg/dl)	1.24 ± 0.07	1.44 ± 0.23	1.20 ± 0.08	0.269
6MWT (m)	222.6 ± 13.1	124.0 ± 29.1	236.9 ± 13.6	0.003**
STS score	5.25 ± 0.65	6.27 ± 1.45	5.07 ± 0.72	0.514
EuroSCORE II	6.63 ± 0.80	9.98 ± 2.11	6.06 ± 0.85	0.084
NYHA-class	2.78 ± 0.08	3.21 ± 0.11	2.71 ± 0.08	0.001**
AF, n (%)	41	10 (71)	31 (36)	0.013*
CAD, n (%)	70	10 (71)	60 (70)	0.900
Prior CABG, n (%)	12	2 (14)	10 (12)	0.777
Prior MI, n (%)	18	4 (29)	14 (16)	0.267
PAD, n (%)	24	6 (43)	18 (21)	0.075
DM, n (%)	39	12 (86)	27 (31)	0.0001***
CRD, n (%)	26	4 (29)	22 (26)	0.813

All continuous variables are presented as mean ± SEM. All categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequency
*p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
6MWT 6-min walking test; AF Atrial fibrillation; AVA Aortic valve area; BMI Body mass index; CABG Coronary artery bypass graft; Cardiac death Patients who died in the period of observation due to cardiac reasons, cardiac reason was defined according to the VARC-2 definition; CAD Coronary artery disease; CRD Chronic respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung fibrosis); DM Diabetes mellitus; EuroSCORE European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; IRX3 Iroquois homeobox 3; LAVI Left atrial volume index; LVEDD Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalized to BSA; LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD Left ventricular end-systolic diameter normalized to BSA; LVMI Left ventricular mass index; MI Myocardial infarction; MPG Mean pressure gradient; No cardiac death, patients who did not die in the period of observation due to cardiac reasons; NYHA New York heart association; PAD Peripheral artery disease; STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons; Vmax Aortic jet velocity. Group comparison Unpaired Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi²-test for categorical variables

ISSN: 1868-7083