Low levels of circulating methylated IRX3 are related to worse outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis

Table 1 Baseline characteristics depending on all-cause mortality

	Total cohort (n = 100)	Death (n = 25)	No death (n = 75)	p value
Methylation level IRX3 (%)	1.74 ± 0.15	1.27 ± 0.20	1.90 ± 0.18	0.026*
Age (years)	78.4 ± 0.6	76.4 ± 1.3	79.1 ± 0.7	0.081
Female sex, n (%)	41	10 (40)	31 (41)	0.907
BMI (kg/m²)	28.1 ± 0.5	28.7 ± 1.3	27.9 ± 0.6	0.587
Cardiac fibrosis (%)	17.8 ± 2.2	22.8 ± 4.8	16.0 ± 2.4	0.166
LVEF (%)	51.8 ± 1.6	47.5 ± 3.6	53.4 ± 1.7	0.098
LAVI (ml/m²)	49.9 ± 1.6	56.2 ± 4.1	47.9 ± 1.7	0.034*
LVEDD (mm/m²)	24.5 ± 0.4	24.6 ± 0.9	24.5 ± 0.5	0.945
LVESD (mm/m²)	18.7 ± 0.5	18.8 ± 1.2	18.7 ± 0.6	0.925
LVMI (g/m²)	145.0 ± 4.6	150.7 ± 9.5	142.9 ± 5.3	0.457
Vmax (m/s)	3.90 ± 0.07	3.75 ± 0.13	3.95 ± 0.09	0.239
MPG (mmHg)	36.6 ± 1.5	33.3 ± 2.2	37.7 ± 1.9	0.218
AVA (cm²)	0.75 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.04	0.76 ± 0.02	0.247
Plasma creatinine (mg/dl)	1.24 ± 0.07	1.45 ± 0.17	1.17 ± 0.08	0.102
6MWT (m)	222.6 ± 13.1	167.8 ± 22.1	241.2 ± 15.2	0.014*
STS score	5.25 ± 0.65	5.89 ± 0.96	5.02 ± 0.81	0.556
EuroSCORE II	6.63 ± 0.80	7.79 ± 1.33	6.23 ± 0.98	0.393
NYHA-class	2.78 ± 0.08	3.12 ± 0.11	2.67 ± 0.09	0.002**
AF, n (%)	41	16 (64)	25 (33)	0.007**
CAD, n (%)	70	15 (60)	55 (73)	0.208
Prior CABG, n (%)	12	2 (8)	10 (13)	0.477
Prior MI, n (%)	18	5 (20)	13 (17)	0.764
PAD, n (%)	24	11 (44)	13 (17)	0.007**
DM, n (%)	39	13 (52)	26 (35)	0.124
CRD, n (%)	26	9 (36)	17 (23)	0.188

All continuous variables are presented as mean ± SEM. All categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative frequency
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
6MWT 6-min walking test; AF Atrial fibrillation; AVA Aortic valve area; BMI Body mass index; CABG Coronary artery bypass graft; CAD Coronary artery disease; CRD Chronic respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or lung fibrosis); Death Patients who died in the period of observation, no further specification of the cause of death; DM Diabetes mellitus; EuroSCORE European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; IRX3 Iroquois homeobox 3; LAVI Left atrial volume index; LVEDD Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter normalized to body surface area (BSA); LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD Left ventricular end-systolic diameter normalized to BSA; LVMI Left ventricular mass index; MI Myocardial infarction; MPG Mean pressure gradient; No death Patients who did not die in the period of observation; NYHA New York heart association; PAD Peripheral artery disease; STS Society of Thoracic Surgeons; Vmax Aortic jet velocity. Group comparison Unpaired Student’s t-test for continuous variables and Pearson’s Chi²-test for categorical variables

ISSN: 1868-7083