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Table 1 Differentially methylated CpGs (FDR < 0.05) in the birth seasons in at-birth and childhood analyses

From: Analysis of DNA methylation at birth and in childhood reveals changes associated with season of birth and latitude

Season of birtha

CpG

Coeff

SE

p value

FDR p value

Lambdab

CHR

Position

Mapped gene

Directionc

I2

At-birthd

Winter

cg26416241

0.0034

0.0006

6.02 × 10−8

0.014

1.02

11

131557414

NTM

 +  +  +  −  +  +  +  +  −  +  −  +  +  +  +  −  +  +  −  +  +  +  +  − 

42.5

Spring

cg18978324

0.0006

0.0001

2.61 × 10−8

0.012

1.05

14

24740937

RABGGTA

 −  +  +  +  +  +  + ? +  −  +  +  +  +  +  + ? +  −  +  −  +  +  − 

27

Childhood

Summer

cg19416462

 − 0.0037

0.0007

1.99 × 10−8

0.009

1.16

6

14533530

CD83

 −  −  −  −  −  −  −  +  −  −  −  − 

45.9

cg01656588

 − 0.007

0.0013

1.47 × 10−7

0.026

 

5

3187100

LINC01377

 −  −  −  −  −  −  −  −  −  −  −  − 

0

cg03263237e

 − 0.0157

0.003

1.67 × 10−7

0.026

 

16

15227611

MIR6511B2

 −  − ? −  −  − ? −  − ? + ?

24.6

cg15437053

0.0037

0.0007

2.69 × 10−7

0.032

 

19

34311123

KCTD15

 + ? +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  + 

32.9

  1. CpGs shown passed the FDR (False discovery rate) p value threshold of 5% in meta-analyses of EWAS summary results carried out with 21 and 12 cohorts for at-birth and childhood blood samples, respectively. The p values for the CpG sites that also passed the Bonferroni-corrected significance threshold of 1.06 × 10−7 are shown in bold. All cohort-specific EWAS analyses were adjusted for sex of the child, gestational age at delivery, maternal age at delivery, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal socio-economic status, batch, child’s age at the time of sample collection (in the childhood analyses) and estimated cell proportions
  2. Coeff: regression coefficient (change in mean methylation compared to autumn reference); SE: standard error of the coefficient; Lambda: genomic inflation factor; CHR: chromosome; I2: a measure of heterogeneity between studies
  3. aReference season for the EWAS analyses of individual cohorts: autumn
  4. bEstimated using the BACON method (van Iterson et al. [37])
  5. cHyper-methylation is indicated by “+” and hypo-methylation by “−” (minus sign)
  6. dOne CpG (in winter-born; cg01801443; p value: 7.77 × 10−10) with a SNP within 10 base pairs of the probe is not shown in the table
  7. eCross-reactive probe (Chen et al. [46])
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Clinical Epigenetics

ISSN: 1868-7083

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