Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants
Characteristics | Case–control study | Prospective nested case–control study | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls (N = 277) | CHD cases (N = 287) | p value | Controls (N = 197) | CHD cases (N = 171) | p value | |
Age (years) | 57.00 (51.00–64.00) | 61.00 (53.00–70.00) | 0.001 | 62.67 (54.67–67.00) | 62.83 (54.25–69.58) | 0.060 |
Gender (male/female) | 185/92 | 183/104 | 0.451 | 80/117 | 74/97 | 0.605 |
Smoking, n (%) | 93 (34.8)a | 124 (43.2) | 0.044 | 46 (23.4) | 36 (21.1) | 0.597 |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 119 (44.6)a | 102 (35.5) | 0.030 | 58 (29.4) | 47 (27.6)d | 0.704 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 110 (42.0)b | 203 (70.7) | 1.08E−11 | 104 (52.8) | 121 (70.8) | 4.20E−04 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 61 (23.4)c | 91 (31.7) | 0.029 | 14 (7.1) | 20 (11.7) | 0.126 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.41 (3.71–5.12) | 3.92 (3.28–4.62) | 1.00E−06 | 4.88 (4.41–5.55) | 4.85 (4.20–5.53) | 0.458 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.44 (1.06–2.21) | 1.30 (0.99–1.96) | 0.058 | 1.40 (0.93–1.93) | 1.39 (1.02–1.89) | 0.607 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.12 (0.92–1.36) | 1.07 (0.90–1.29) | 0.102 | 1.43 (1.20–1.74) | 1.41 (1.18–1.74) | 0.573 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.84 (2.18–3.45) | 2.33 (1.85–2.93) | 2.32E−07 | 2.72 (2.31–3.27) | 2.66 (2.19–3.34) | 0.513 |