Fig. 5

Reduced FTO in the concave paraspinal muscle of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. A Magnetic resonance imaging showed convex and concave sides of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. B Representative immunohistochemical images of MHC1 (red) in paraspinal muscle. Scale bar, 100 μm. C Immunofluorescence showed that the percentage of type I fibers was significantly reduced in concave paraspinal muscle. n = 5 in each case; data are represented as mean ± s.d. D Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA expression of MYH7 and MYH7B was decreased, but MYH1, MYH4, TNNI2, TNNC2 and TNNT3 mRNA levels were increased in concave paraspinal muscle. n = 5 in each case; data are represented as mean ± s.d. E The m⁶A level was significantly increased in concave paraspinal muscle. n = 5 in each case; data are represented as mean ± s.d. F Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expression of m⁶A-related genes, and only FTO was significantly decreased in concave paraspinal muscle. n = 5 in each case; data are represented as mean ± s.d. G Representative Western blot of FTO in paraspinal muscle. H Western blot quantification showed that FTO was significantly decreased in concave paraspinal muscle. n = 5 in each case; data are represented as mean ± s.d. I The level of mRNA expression of FTO was positively correlated with the proportion of type I fiber. n = 20 in each case; data are represented as mean. J The mRNA expression level of FTO was negatively correlated with the Cobb angle of scoliosis. n = 20 in each case; data are represented as mean. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01