Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants in the discovery and replication samples at enrollment
From: Epigenome-wide association study identifies novel genes associated with ischemic stroke
|  | Discovery cohort (n = 80) | Internal validation (n = 1,771) | External replication (n = 390) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Controls N = 40 | Cases N = 40 | P-value | Controls N = 918 | Cases N = 853 | P-value | Controls N = 183 | Cases N = 207 | P-values | |
Age, years | 65.6 ± 6.2 | 65.6 ± 6.2 | 0.986 | 61.2 ± 12.2 | 62.5 ± 12.1 | 0.026 | 64 | 71 |  < 0.001 |
Sex, men (%) | 30 (75) | 30 (75) | 1.000 | 503 (55) | 453 (53) | 0.507 | (48) | (64) |  < 0.001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 16 (40) | 14 (35) | 0.817 | 348 (38) | 294 (34) | 0.118 | 2 (1) | 49 (22) |  < 0.001 |
Current drinking, n (%) | 24 (60) | 15 (37.5) | 0.074 | 253 (28) | 222 (26) | 0.500 | NA | NA | NA |
Hypertension | 5 (12.5) | 27 (67.5) |  < 0.001 | 325 (35) | 670 (79) |  < 0.001 | 107 (59) | 74 (34) |  < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 ± 3.1 | 24.8 ± 3.0 | 0.825 | 22.4 ± 3.4 | 25.1 ± 3.4 |  < 0.001 | 28.1 | 26.6 |  < 0.001 |
SBP, mmHg | 129.6 ± 9.1 | 165.7 ± 18.1 |  < 0.001 | 134.6 ± 20.7 | 168.1 ± 16.8 |  < 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
DBP, mmHg | 77.9 ± 6.8 | 94.7 ± 10.9 |  < 0.001 | 80.0 ± 10.8 | 97.0 ± 10.7 |  < 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
Fasting glucose, mmol/L, diabetes mellitus*, n (%) | 5.5 ± 1.1 | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 0.001 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 6.8 ± 2.8 |  < 0.001 | 30 (16) | 81 (37) |  < 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L Hyperlipidemia†, n (%) | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.244 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | 1.9 ± 5.0 | 0.054 | 124 (68) | 123 (56) |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3 ± 0.9 | 5.0 ± 1.3 | 0.402 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.2 |  < 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.1 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 0.216 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 2.9 ± 1.0 |  < 0.001 | NA | NA | NA |
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.168 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.032 | NA | NA | NA |