Epigenetic age acceleration mediates the association between smoking and diabetes-related outcomes

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 2 Results of regressing each DNAm marker on smoking variables (based on models 1, 3, and 5)

	HannumEAA (in years)		IEAA (in years)		PhenoEAA (in years)		GrimEAA (in years)		DNAm-based smoking pack-years		DNAm PAI-1 (in pg/mL)		DunedinPACE
	Effect (S.E.)	p-value	Effect (S.E.)	p-value	Effect (S.E.)	p-value	Effect (S.E.)	p-value	Effect (S.E.)	p-value	Effect (S.E.)	p-value	Effect (S.E.)	p-value
Former smoking status (yes vs. no) (based on model 1)	0.426 (0.216)	0.0489	0.214 (0.243)	0.3781	1.011 (0.284)	0.0004	1.446 (0.187)	1.5E-14	4.705 (0.338)	2.0E-42	263.389 (131.291)	0.0449	0.019 (0.006)	0.0020
Current smoking status (yes vs. no) (based on model 1)	1.205 (0.231)	2.1E-07	0.367 (0.260)	0.1582	1.930 (0.305)	2.8E-10	5.650 (0.201)	1.0E-150	14.916 (0.389)	9.6E-252	1002.309 (140.563)	1.3E-12	0.084 (0.006)	7.9E-38
Former smokers’ pack-years (based on model 3)	0.021 (0.011)	0.0480	0.021 (0.012)	0.0764	0.051 (0.014)	0.0003	0.087 (0.009)	5.0E-20	0.255 (0.018)	1.9E-44	12.694 (6.549)	0.0527	0.001 (3.0E-04)	0.0017
Current smokers’ pack-years (based on model 3)	0.027 (0.008)	0.0003	0.003 (0.009)	0.6907	0.043 (0.010)	2.2E-05	0.174 (0.007)	2.4E-127	0.567 (0.018)	2.8E-185	28.240 (4.629)	1.2E-09	0.002 (2.1E-04)	5.0E-29
Years since smoking cessation (based on model 5)	− 0.029 (0.024)	0.2339	− 0.038 (0.027)	0.1555	− 0.091 (0.030)	0.0028	− 0.108 (0.019)	2.0E-08	− 0.313 (0.040)	1.2E-13	− 16.028 (12.937)	0.2164	− 0.001 (0.001)	0.2770

Significant results with p < 0.05/(7 × 5) = 0.0014 are highlighted in bold font (7: seven DNAm markers; 5: five smoking variables)

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