Healthy lifestyle, DNA methylation age acceleration, and incident risk of coronary heart disease

Clinical Epigenetics

Table 2 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for incident coronary heart disease according to DNA methylation age acceleration

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	per SD increase	P for trend
Whole cohort
No. of cases/controls	100/145	118/127	129/116	144/101	491/489
Multivariable adjusted^*	1.00	1.37 (0.90, 2.08)	1.72 (1.12, 2.62)	2.02 (1.32, 3.11)	1.36 (1.15, 1.61)	< 0.001
+ cell type proportion†	1.00	1.38 (0.89, 2.14)	1.68 (1.08, 2.62)	1.84 (1.17, 2.89)	1.30 (1.09, 1.56)	0.003
+ baseline cardiometabolic risk factor**	1.00	1.34 (0.85, 2.11)	1.78 (1.13, 2.80)	1.78 (1.12, 2.82)	1.29 (1.08, 1.55)	0.005
Men
No. of cases/controls	62/78	62/78	76/68	77/51	277/275
Multivariable adjusted^*	1.00	1.30 (0.73, 2.32)	1.67 (0.95, 2.95)	2.20 (1.22, 3.99)	1.39 (1.10, 1.76)	0.006
+ cell type proportion†	1.00	1.51 (0.81, 2.80)	1.94 (1.06, 3.54)	2.10 (1.12, 3.96)	1.36 (1.07, 1.74)	0.014
+ baseline cardiometabolic risk factor^**	1.00	1.51 (0.80, 2.85)	2.03 (1.09, 3.75)	1.98 (1.04, 3.77)	1.35 (1.05, 1.74)	0.019
Women
No. of cases/controls	38/67	56/49	53/48	67/50	214/214
Multivariable adjusted^*	1.00	1.54 (0.79, 2.98)	1.91 (0.97, 3.76)	1.79 (0.93, 3.46)	1.29 (1.00, 1.67)	0.053
+ cell type proportion†	1.00	1.38 (0.68, 2.79)	1.49 (0.72, 3.10)	1.47 (0.72, 3.00)	1.18 (0.89, 1.56)	0.247
+ baseline cardiometabolic risk factor^**	1.00	1.40 (0.67, 2.89)	1.66 (0.77, 3.57)	1.51 (0.72, 3.15)	1.17 (0.87, 1.56)	0.301

^*Covariates in the multivariable model: age, sex, education level, marital status, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, average days consuming fresh vegetables, fruits, and red meat per week, body mass index, fasting time, study area, and batch
^†The estimated proportion of CD4 + T cell, CD8 + T cell, B cell, natural killer, monocytes, and granulocyte
^**Baseline cardiometabolic risk factors included prevalent diabetes, hypertension, and total cholesterol level

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