Table 1 Cohort summary statistics

Time from last pregnancy to blood collection (years)

 Median (IQR)

NA

16.66 (9.13, 27.66)

NA

–

 Range

NA

1.45–44.42

NA

ARMSS score

 Median (IQR)

6.63 (1.47, 8.73)

7.08 (1.29, 8.22)

6.99 (1.39, 8.37)

0.01

 Range

0.16–9.55

0.19–9.91

0.16–9.91

Disease course

 RRMS

57 (60.0%)

63 (66.3%)

120 (63.2%)

NA

 SPMS

38 (40.0%)

32 (33.7%)

70 (36.8%)

Sex

 Female

124 (100.0%)

96 (100.0%)

220 (100.0%)

NA

 Male

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

Age at most recent visit

 Median (IQR)

48.3 (40.7, 56.6)

48.6 (39.5, 57.2)

48.9 (40.7, 57.1)

0.03

 Range

27.6–70.6

24.2–69.8

24.2–70.6

Age at blood collection

 Median (IQR)

48.7 (41.2, 57.0)

48.9 (40.3, 57.9)

48.9 (40.7, 57.1)

0.03

 Range

28.3–70.6

26.8–69.8

26.8–70.6

Follow-up in MSBase (years)

 Median (IQR)

6.26 (3.46, 8.91)

6.92 (5.51, 9.42)

6.54 (4.16, 8.99)

0.26

 Range

0.00–24.80

0.00–19.30

0.00–24.80

Number of EDSS scores assessed

 Median (IQR)

7.5 (4.0, 9.0)

8.5 (6.0, 9.0)

8.0 (5.0, 9.0)

0.35

 Range

1.0–9.0

1.0–9.0

1.0–9.0

Symptom duration (years)

 Median (IQR)

15.77 (9.62, 24.60)

14.98 (8.84, 20.65)

15.11 (9.26, 22.15)

0.15

 Range

1.01–42.37

0.21–41.56

0.21–42.37

ARR in preceding year

 Median (IQR)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.08

Range

0.0–3.0

0.0–2.0

0.0–3.0

Number of births

 0

96 (100%)

0 (0%)

96 (50%)

–

 1

0 (0%)

29 (30%)

29 (15%)

 2

0 (0%)

46 (48%)

46 (24%)

 3

0 (0%)

14 (15%)

14 (7%)

 ≥ 4

0 (0%)

7 (7%)

7 (4%)

DMT

 None

37 (38%)

34 (35%)

71 (37%)

–

 Alemtuzumab

0 (0%)

1 (1%)

1 (1%)

 Dimethyl fumarate

2 (2%)

8 (8%)

10 (5%)

 Fingolimod

21 (22%)

25 (26%)

46 (24%)

 Glatiramer acetate

7 (7%)

3 (3%)

10 (5%)

 Interferon beta

12 (13%)

10 (11%)

22 (11%)

 Natalizumab

17 (18%)

11 (12%)

28 (15%)

 Teriflunomide

0 (0%)

4 (4%)

4 (2%)

Smoking history

 Ever

16 (16.7%)

39 (40.6%)

55 (28.6%)

–

 Never

17 (17.7%)

28 (29.2%)

45 (23.4%)

 Unknown

63 (65.6%)

29 (30.2%)

92 (47.9%)

DNAmPACKYRS^a

 Median (IQR)

0.93 (− 3.9, 8.5)

0.60 (− 4.6, 13.6)

0.85 (− 4.3, 9.8)

0.20

 Range

− 12.6–33.7

− 13.5–32.6

− 13.5–33.7

CD4⁺ cell proportions^b

 Median (IQR)

0.07 (0.05, 0.11)

0.08 (0.05, 0.11)

0.08 (0.05, 0.11)

0.06

 Range

0.01–0.23

0.00–0.26

0.0–0.26

CD8⁺ cell proportions^b

 Median (IQR)

0.03 (0.01–0.05)

0.03 (0.01, 0.05)

0.03 (0.09, 0.13)

0.13

 Range

0.00–0.10

0.00–0.18

0.04–0.25

NK cell proportions^b

 Median (IQR)

0.08 (0.06, 0.09)

0.08 (0.06, 0.10)

0.08 (0.06, 0.10)

0.41

 Range

0.02–0.13

0.04–0.21

0.02–0.21

B cell proportions^b

 Median (IQR)

0.10 (0.08, 0.11)

0.09 (0.08, 0.12)

0.08 (0.06, 0.10)

0.09

 Range

0.03–0.16

0.05–0.16

0.02–0.21

Monocyte proportions^b

 Median (IQR)

0.10 (0.09, 0.13)

0.11 (0.09, 0.13)

0.11 (0.09, 0.13)

0.17

 Range

0.04–0.21

0.04–0.25

0.04–0.25

Granulocyte proportions^b

 Median (IQR)

0.60 (0.40, 0.67)

0.60 (0.54, 0.66)

0.60 (0.54, 0.66)

0.14

 Range

0.40–0.79

0.31–0.78

0.31–0.79