Fig. 1

Heatmaps representing differential expression (z-score) of genes encoding adhesion-related integrins and non-integrins in t(4;14), t(11;14), t(14;16), and t(14;20) IgH translocation subgroups and D1 and D2 hyperdiploidy subgroups in patients diagnosed at (A) MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), B SMM (smoldering multiple myeloma), and C MM (multiple myeloma) stages. D–F Adjacent heatmaps were created with a subset of genes that have differential z-scores > 2 in MM subgroups versus control. G A Venn intersection diagram represents the genes that were consistently upregulated in all 3 stages of the disease. H Adhesion genes were filtered further, on the basis of their and consistent upregulation (Z score values) in certain MM subgroups at different stages. I The median differential expression (log2) of genes encoding 4 integrins (ITGA4, ITGA8, ITGAE, and ITGB7), 2 non-integrin proteins (DSG2, and VCAM1) and 2 co-stimulatory molecules (CD28 and CD86) in patient samples of major IgH translocation and hyperdiploidy subgroups, represented as boxplots with interquartile range between 25 and 75%, compared to control