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Table 1 Demographics and psychiatric comorbidity of participants

From: Methylation of the serotonin reuptake transporter gene and non-motor symptoms in dystonia patients

 

CD (n = 49)

M-D (n = 41)

DRD (n = 27)

Controls (n = 56)

p-value1

Dystonia (n = 117)

p value2

Age (SD)

54 (11)

44 (20)

37 (22)

50 (17)

0.00a

47 (19)

0.27b

Gender M

14 (29%)

17 (42%)

9 (33%)

16 (29%)

0.52c

40 (34%)

0.46c

Genotype

       

LA/LA

7 (14%)

12 (29%)

12 (44%)

14 (25%)

0.03c

31 (27%)

0.79c

S/S

11 (22%)

4 (10%)

5 (19%)

10 (18%)

0.58c

20 (17%)

0.94c

LA/S

25 (51%)

13 (32%)

7 (26%)

21 (38%)

0.16c

45 (39%)

0.84c

LA/LG

5 (10%)

4 (10%)

2 (7%)

6 (11%)

0.96c

11 (9%)

0.81c

S/LG

1 (2%)

3 (7%)

1 (4%)

4 (7%)

0.54c

5 (4%)

0.44c

LG/LG

0

1 (2%)

0

0

0.31c

1 (1%)

0.48c

CGI (range)

4 (2–7)

3 (1–5)

2 (1–3)

 

0.00d

  

Duration dystonia in years (range)

10 (1–52)

47 (7–73)

23 (1–71)

 

0.00d

  

BDI (range)*

8 (0–28)

8 (0–30)

5 (0–18)

3 (0–19)

0.00d

8 (0–30)

0.00e

BAI (range)*

8 (1–31)

8 (0–42)

6 (0–12)

3 (0–21)

0.00d

7 (0–42)

0.00e

CDI (range)**

NA

101 (82–126)

88 (73–117)

98 (84–103)

0.28d

89 (73–126)

0.75e

SCARED (range)**

NA

4 (1–12)

6 (2–19)

2 (1–24)

0.40d

4 (1–19)

0.27e

(C)Y-BOCS (range)

0 (0–12)

0 (0–12)

0 (0–18)

0 (0–9)

0.10d

0 (0–18)

0.03e

Psychiatric diagnosis

33 (67%)

24 (59%)

17 (63%)

17 (30%)

0.00c

74 (63%)

0.00c

Depressive disorder

16 (33%)

13 (32%)

9 (33%)

8 (14%)

0.09c

38 (33%)

0.01c

Anxiety disorder

22 (45%)

20 (49%)

12 (44%)

5 (9%)

0.00c

54 (46%)

0.00c

  1. Values are given as mean (SD), frequency (%), or median (range) as indicated. 1p values of statistical comparison between the four groups, significant differences are depicted in bold-italics, 2p values of statistical comparison of all dystonia patients versus controls, significant differences are depicted in bold. *questionnaires only completed by adults (age > 17 years), ** questionnaires only completed by children (7 M-D, 10 DRD patients and 5 healthy controls. The following tests are used to compute p values: aone-way ANOVA, bStudent’s t test, cχ2 test, dKruskal–Wallis, eMann–Whitney U test. CD cervical dystonia, M-D myoclonus-dystonia, DRD dopa-responsive dystonia, BDI Beck Depression Inventory, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, CDI Child Depression Inventory, SCARED Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, (C)Y-BOCS (Child) Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale