Table 1 Summary descriptive table of the sample compared by sex
Boys (N = 37) | Girls (N = 45) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal exposures | |||
Mother age | 24.9 (6.41 | 26.6 (7.19) | 0.254 |
Perceived stress in relation to pregnancy | 1.78 (1.16) | 1.89 (1.01) | 0.666 |
Educational level (mother): | |||
1–2 | 21 (60.0%) | 24 (55.9%) | 0.454 |
3–4 | 11 (31.4%) | 12 (27.9%) | |
5 | 3 (8.57%) | 1 (2.33%) | |
Relationship with the father (months) | 59.7 (51.3) | 66.1 (50.1) | 0.575 |
Smoking: | |||
No | 5 (13.5%) | 11 (24.4%) | 0.336 |
Yes | 32 (86.5%) | 34 (75.6%) | |
Mental disorder: | |||
No | 37 (100%) | 39 (86.7%) | 0.030 |
Yes | 0 (0.00%) | 6 (13.3%) | |
Newborn outcomes | |||
Gestational Age (weeks) | 39.4 (1.81) | 39.2 (1.35) | 0.693 |
Preterm | |||
No | 34 (91.9%) | 43 (95.6%) | 0.654 |
Yes | 3 (8.11%) | 2 (4.44%) | |
Length at birth | 49.4 (1.80) | 47.9 (2.14) | 0.001 |
Birth weight | 3397 (510) | 3251 (485) | 0.191 |
Thoracic circumference | 33.4 (1.83) | 33.1 (1.65) | 0.459 |
Abdominal circumference | 32.5 (2.17) | 32.2 (2.20) | 0.618 |
Cephalic circumference/Age (HCZ) | 0.27 (1.03) | 0.20 (0.94) | 0.723 |
Height/Age (HAZ) | −0.28 (0.95) | −0.68 (1.15) | 0.093 |
Weight/Age (WAZ) | 0.05 (1.03) | −0.01 (1.03) | 0.796 |
BMI/Age (BAZ) | 0.28 (1.22) | 0.55 (1.09) | 0.301 |
DNAm GA (Knight et al.) | 38.9 (1.32) | 38.9 (1.04) | 0.845 |
DNAm GA (Bohlin et al.) | 39.4 (0.65) | 39.5 (0.70) | 0.839 |
GAA by Bohlin et al | −0.05 (0.86) | 0.04 (1.12) | 0.679 |
GAA by Knight et al | −0.54 (1.79) | −0.34 (1.61) | 0.611 |
Direction of GAA | |||
Negative | 18 (48.6%) | 20 (44.4%) | 0.875 |
Positive | 19 (51.4%) | 25 (55.6%) | |
i-ePGS | −0.035 | −0.034 | 0.337 |
Glucocorticoid CpGs (GES) | −0.96 (0.40) | −0.94 (0.32) | 0.856 |