Fig. 2

MRS as predictor or consequence of allergic disease. Significant indirect effects are indicated with an asterisk. The title follows the pattern exposure–mediator–outcome. Evaluation A whether the association between family history of allergic disease and allergic sensitization at ten years is mediated by prior changes in DNAm at six years (measured by MRS) or B whether the association between family history of allergic disease and changes in DNAm at ten years (measured by MRS) is mediated by prior allergic sensitization at six years. The six MRS can be allocated to the following phenotypes: Chen2017—total IgE, Everson2015—atopy, Peng2019—aeroallergen sensitization, Reese2019—childhood asthma, Xu2021—any allergy and Zhang2019—atopy, respectively