Table 2 Summary of DNA methylation aging studies in PWH
Outcomes | Study design and characteristics of the study population | Platform | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm markers of aging [69] | Case control study 8 data sets, brain specimens and blood specimens of PWH and matched HIV negative controls | 450Â K and 27Â K | Increased epigenetic aging in brain tissue (7.4Â years) and in blood (5.2Â years) of PWH compared to HIV negative controls |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm markers of aging [70] | Case control study 137 HIV+ individuals compared to 44 HIV negative controls | 450Â K | 4.9-year aging advancement in HIV+ individuals compared to HIV-negative controls. Increased expected mortality of 19% in PWH |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm and other markers of epigenetic aging [71] | Case control study 12 HIV+ individuals and 12 HIV- controls | 450Â K | Age advancement of 14Â years in in HIV+ individuals compared to HIV- controls |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm and epigenetic clock [72] | Case control study 378 ART naïve HIV+ individuals with CD4 counts > 500 compared to 34 HIV- controls | 850 K | Accelerated aging advancement occurs in PWH with preserved immune function compared to HIV- controls |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm and other epigenetic markers of age acceleration [26] | Case control study Pediatric cohort HIV+, HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) and HIV unexposed, uninfected (HUU) children N = 178 | 450 K | No differences in age acceleration between the three groups. However, significantly shorter telomere length in HIV+ children compared to HEU and HUU groups |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm markers of aging [25] | Case control study 31 perinatally infected HIV+ individuals compared to 30 HIV-negative controls | 850Â K | Differences in epigenetic age acceleration and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration between HIV+ and HIV-negative groups. No difference in intrinsic epigenetic aging between groups |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm markers of aging [74] | Longitudinal cohort study 19 HIV+ individuals compared to 19 HIV-negative controls | 450Â K | Baseline DNAm age of PWH prior to ART initiation 11.2Â years greater than HIV-negative controls |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm based markers of aging and epigenetic clock [75] | Prospective cohort study 4-year follow up period 63 aviremic HIV+ individuals on ART | 850Â K | No acceleration of epigenetic aging in the cohort over the follow-up period |
Epigenetic aging based on DNAm markers of aging and epigenetic clocks [78] | Longitudinal cohort study 168 HIV+ individuals before ART initiation and 2Â years after ART initiation compared to 44 HIV-negative controls with similar age and sex distribution | 850Â K | Epigenetic age acceleration in HIV+ individuals compared to HIV-negative controls. Reversal in epigenetic aging after 2Â years of ART |
Inflammation related single nucleotide polymorphisms as risk factors for age [80] acceleration and NADCs | Post-mortem cohort HIV+ individuals N = 155 | 450 K | Epigenetic aging significantly greater in IL-6 CC carriers and IL-10 CC homozygotes compared to other genotype groups |
Association between DNAm markers of aging with measures of cognitive function in PWH [24] | Case control study 69 HIV+ individuals and 38 HIV-negative controls. Cohort > 60 years | 850 K | Significant negative correlations between intrinsic epigenetic aging and executive function, attention and working memory and PhenoAge and attention |