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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population

From: Epigenetic imprinting alterations as effective diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage lung cancer and small pulmonary nodules

 

Model building set

(n = 246)

Model testing set

(n = 30)

Model validation set

(n = 155)

Normala

Benign

Malignant

p

Benign

Malignant

p

Benign

Malignant

p

(n = 21)

(n = 51)

(n = 174)

(n = 9)

(n = 21)

(n = 38)

(n = 117)

Age

   

< 0.001

  

0.700

  

0.001

 Median

52

57

62

 

62

62

 

61

64

 

 IQR

45–57

49–63

53–67

 

49–77

56–66

 

52–63

58–71

 

Sex (%)

   

0.467

  

0.640

  

0.692

 Male

14 (66.7%)

28 (54.9%)

111 (63.8%)

 

6 (66.7%)

17 (81.0%)

 

25 (65.8%)

81 (69.2%)

 

 Female

7 (33.3%)

23 (45.1%)

63 (36.2%)

 

3 (33.3%)

4 (19.0%)

 

13 (34.2%)

36 (30.8%)

 

Sample type

 Surgically resected tissue specimen

21

51

174

       

 Small biopsy specimen

    

9

21

 

38

36

 

 Cytology specimen

        

81

 

Histologic characteristics no

 Normal

21

         

 PC

 

10

        

 PSP

 

13

        

 TB

 

10

  

2

  

7

  

 COP

 

10

     

2

  

 PIP

 

3

        

 Non-TB infections

    

3

  

8

  

 Inflammation

 

3

  

4

  

19

  

 Granuloma

 

2

     

1

  

 Hamartoma

       

1

  

 AdC

  

94

  

9

  

61

 

 SqCC

  

76

  

6

  

28

 

 AdSqLC

  

2

     

2

 

 LCC

  

1

       

 SCLC

     

5

  

23

 

 Carcinoma of unknown primary

  

1

  

1

  

3

 

Nodule size

   

e

  

e

  

e

 < 0.8 cm

  

7

 

2

  

10

1

 

 ≥ 0.8–2.0 cm

 

3

35

 

1

1

 

2

20

 

 > 2.0–3.0 cm

  

48

  

9

 

3

32

 

 > 3.0–5.0 cm

 

1

52

  

4

 

4

42

 

 > 5.0 cm

  

28

  

6

  

18

 

 Unclear LDCT featuresb

21

44

  

5

  

12

1

 

 Not specifiedc

 

3

4

 

1

1

 

7

3

 

Smoking statusd (%)

   

0.001

  

e

  

0.006

 Current smoker

3 (14.3%)

3 (5.9%)

56 (32.2%)

 

1 (11.1%)

6 (28.6%)

 

7 (18.4%)

48 (41.0%)

 

 Former smoker

1 (4.8%)

1 (2.0%)

11 (6.3%)

 

0 (0.0%)

3 (14.3%)

 

2 (5.3%)

11 (9.4%)

 

 Non-smoker

15 (71.4%)

40 (78.4%)

90 (51.7%)

 

1 (11.1%)

8 (38.1%)

 

16 (42.1%)

40 (34.2%)

 

 Not specified

2 (9.5%)

7 (13.7%)

17 (9.8%)

 

7 (77.8%)

4 (19.0%)

 

13 (34.2%)

18 (15.4%)

 
  1. PC, Pulmonary cryptococcosis. PSP, pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma. TB, pulmonary tuberculosis. COP, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia. PIP, pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor. AdC, adenocarcinoma. SqCC, squamous cell carcinoma. AdSqLC, adenosquamous lung carcinoma. LCC, large cell carcinoma. SCLC, small cell lung cancer
  2. aNormal tissue specimens were resected adjacent to the benign lesions
  3. bNo typical nodule under LDCT
  4. cNodule sizes not recorded by doctors
  5. dCases classified as current or former smokers were combined into a single category prior to analysis to comply with the statistical test requirements
  6. eNo analysis proceeded since data transformations applied failed to meet the statistical test requirements
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Clinical Epigenetics

ISSN: 1868-7083

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