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Table 4 Summary of studies on transgenerational effects of epigenetic regulations in asthma

From: A review of epigenetic changes in asthma: methylation and acetylation

Author and year

Subjects

Gene/region

Epigenetic change

Environment

Phenotype

References

Perera et al. 2009

Dominican and African-American women and their children

ACSL3

CpG methylation

Transplacental Exposure to Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Childhood asthma

[80]

Brand et al. 2011

BALB/c mice and BALB/cscid mice

IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and CNS1

histone H4 acetylation

Microbiome

Transmaternal asthma protection

[107]

Torrone et al. 2012

Inner-city children

IFN-γ and iNOS

DNA methylation

-

Asthma

[99]

Fu et al. 2012

Children

ADRB2

Hypermethylation

NO2 exposure

Childhood asthma severity

[93]

Reinius et al. 2013

Children and adults

NPSR1

DNA methylation

Current smoking in adults and parental smoking in children

Adult severe asthma and childhood allergic asthma

[53]

Kuo et al. 2013

Adults

IRF7

Histone H3Lys4 trimethylation

Exposure to Diethylhexyl phthalate and butyl benzyl phthalate

Asthma development

[88]

Michel et al. 2013

Children

ORMDL1, ORMDL2, ORMDL3, CHI3L1, RAD50, IL13, IL4, STAT6, FOXP3, and RUNX3

DNA methylation

Farm exposure in early childhood

Asthma protection

[108]

Sofer et al. 2013

Male adults

Genes like, HLA-DOB, FCER1A, FCER1G, MBP, HLA-DPA1, IL-9, IL-10, ECP, and CCL11

DNA methylation

Exposures to black carbon and sulfate

Asthma

[84]

Gaffin et al. 2014

Inner-city children

ADRB2

DNA methylation

-

Decreased asthma severity

[92]

Wang et al. 2015

Children

AR, TNF-α, and IL-4

DNA methylation

Phthalate exposure

Childhood asthma

[89]

Yang et al. 2015

inner-city children

IL13, RUNX3, ST2, and IL4

Hypomethylation and hypermethylation

-

persistent childhood atopic asthma

[91]

Sarnowski et al. 2016

Families with different nationalities

MTNR1A

DNA methylation

-

Co-occurrence of asthma and rhinitis

[79]

Somineni et al. 2016

Children (siblings) with age 5–18

TET1

DNA methylation

Exposure traffic-related air pollution

Childhood asthma

[87]

Jung et al. 2017

Children

IL-4, IFN-γ, NOS2A, and ARG2

DNA methylation

Short-term exposure to PM2.5 and vanadium

Childhood asthma

[81]

Chan et al. 2017

Children

-

Higher global DNA methylation

Socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity

Childhood asthma

[95]

Montrose et al. 2017

Children

IFN-γ

DNA methylation

Dietary intake

Childhood asthma

[98]

Wang et al. 2017

Children

IL4

Increased DNA methylation

Dust mite allergen-specific immunotherapy

Childhood allergic asthma

[110]

Christensen et al. 2017

C57BL6 mice

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-γ, and FOXP3

DNA methylation

Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure

Susceptibility to asthma

[75]

Jung et al. 2017

Children

IL-4 and NOS2A

Demethylation of DNA

Exposure to black carbon

Allergic asthma

[85]

Pech et al. 2018

Children

BAT3, NEU1, and 14 other CpGs

DNA methylation

Rhinovirus infection

Childhood asthma

[100]

Gao et al. 2018

Newborns and children

AXL

Hypermethylation

prenatal tobacco smoke exposure

Childhood asthma

[76]

Zhang et al. 2018

Children (siblings) with age 5–18

NLRP3, OR2B11, and TET1

DNA methylation

Traffic-related air pollution and house dust mite

Childhood asthma

[86]

Prunicki et al. 2018

Children

Foxp3 and IL-10

DNA methylation

Exposure to NO2, CO, and PM2.5

Childhood asthma

[82]

Zhou et al. 2019

BALB/c mice

IL-4

Hyperacetylation of H3Lys9 and H3Lys14

Exposure to PM2.5 and cold stress

Asthma exacerbation

[83]

Neophytou et al. 2019

Children

AHRR

DNA methylation

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

Asthma development

[77]

Wu et al. 2019

Children and newborns

LMO2, GSTM1, and IL-10

Hypermethylation

Prenatal exposure to paternal tobacco smoke

Childhood asthma at age 6

[78]

Chen et al. 2019

C57BL/6 J mice

Th2 cytokine locus

Hypomethylation

Early-life undernutrition

Susceptibility to asthma

[97]

Kyburz et al. 2019

C57BL/6 mice

CXCR3 and FOXP3

DNA methylation

Transmaternal Helicobacter pylori exposure

Asthma protection

[109]

Qi et al. 2020

Children

60 CpG regions associated with asthma/rhinitis

CpG methylation

active and passive smoking, molds, and pets

Asthma, rhinitis, asthma/rhinitis at age 16

[96]

Nafea et al. 2020

Children

ADRB2

Hypermethylation

Blood aluminum concentration

Bronchial asthma

[94]

Yang et al. 2020

Children

MAPK1

Hypomethylation

Bisphenol A exposure

Asthma

[90]