Table 1 Change between pre- and post-measurements
| Â | Baseline | Week 12 | Difference | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age years, mean ± SD | 73.50 ± 5.72 |  |  |  |
Sex | ||||
 Female | 14 (87.5%) |  |  |  |
 Male | 2 (12.5%) |  |  |  |
Body Measures, mean ± SD | ||||
 Weight (kg) | 95.7 ± 21.3 | 91.5 ± 22.1 | − 4.2 ± 3.7 |  < 0.001 |
 Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 36.2 ± 7.0 | 34.6 ± 7.4 | − 1.6 ± 1.4 |  < 0.001 |
 Fat Mass (%) | 49.0 ± 5.0 | 48.0 ± 5.5 | − 0.9 ± 2.4 | 0.13 |
 Visceral Fat mass, (L) | 4.0 ± 1.8 | 3.6 ± 2.2 | − 0.4 ± 1.0 | 0.15 |
 Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | 48.8 ± 15.9 | 47.5 ± 15.0 | − 1.3 ± 2.3 | 0.04 |
 Appendicular lean mass (kg) | 12.3 ± 4.0 | 12.1 ± 3.8 | − 0.3 ± 0.7 | 0.11 |
Functional measures, mean ± SD | ||||
 Grip strength (kg) | 18.7 ± 5.9 | 21.9 ± 6.6 | 3.2 ± 4.1 | 0.008 |
 Gait speed (sec) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.25 | 0.02 ± 0.2 | 0.69 |
 Sit-to-stand (sec) | 10.0 ± 2.7 | 7.6 ± 1.8 | − 2.4 ± 2.2 |  < 0.001 |
 Six-minute walk (m) | 406.4 ± 101.1 | 448.6 ± 82.12 | 29.3 ± 34.6 | 0.006 |
Immune Cell Proportions, mean ± SD | ||||
 CD8T | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.16 |
 CD4T | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | − 0.00 ± 0.02 | 0.81 |
 Natural Killer Cells | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.4 |
 B Cells | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | − 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.76 |
 Monocyte | 0.08 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | − 0.00 ± 0.01 | 0.06 |
 Neutrophils | 0.62 ± 0.05 | 0.62 ± 0.05 | − 0.00 ± 0.03 | 0.97 |
Methylation age clocks, mean ± SD | ||||
 Hannum | 79.4 ± 6.8 | 78.6 ± 6.6 | − 0.8 ± 4.8 | 0.51 |
 Horvath | 79.3 ± 6.8 | 78.2 ± 6.4 | − 1.1 ± 2.8 | 0.14 |
 PhenoAge | 62.7 ± 6.4 | 62.3 ± 7.0 | − 0.5 ± 4.1 | 0.64 |