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Table 2 Energy and food intake at baseline, after 4 months and 12 months of intervention in the total study population and by gender (mean ± SD). All, n = 131 participants (n = 70 boys and n = 61 girls; p = 0.65)

From: Epigenetic approach in obesity: DNA methylation in a prepubertal population which underwent a lifestyle modification

  

Baseline (B)

4 months (4 m)

12 months (12 m)

p (B vs 4 m)

p (B vs 12 m)

Energy (kcal)

All

2180.2 ± 378.1

2007.5 ± 350.0

1874.3 ± 436.2

0.002

< 0.001

Boys

2215.0 ± 348.2

2024.3 ± 397.9

1929.4 ± 445.7

0.02

0.001

Girls

2145.4 ± 405.7

1989.6 ± 296.1

1816.14 ± 424.2

0.04

< 0.001

Total carbohydrates (g/d)

All

228.8 ± 44.1

205.4 ± 44.9

196.8 ± 51.6

< 0.001

0.001

Boys

2 32.7 ± 44.4

211.0 ± 45.6

204.7 ± 47.3

0.008

0.01

Girls

224.9 ± 43.9

199.6 ± 44.0

188.6 ± 55.2

0.003

< 0.001

Total protein (g/d)

All

88.7 ± 16.8

82.8 ± 16.7

79.7 ± 19.4

0.07

< 0.001

Boys

91.3 ± 16.0

85.3 ± 20.42

82.3 ± 20.4

0.06

0.001

Girls

86.1 ± 17.4

80.2 ± 11.4

77.0 ± 18.1

0.5

0.01

Total fat (g/d)

All

101.3 ± 25.7

94.8 ± 20.6

85.3 ± 23.4

0.5

< 0.001

Boys

102.7 ± 24.3

93.0 ± 24.7

86.8 ± 25.7

0.3

0.01

Girls

99.9 ± 27.1

96.7 ± 15.1

83.7 ± 20.8

0.9

0.003

SFA (g/d)

All

32.9 ± 9.7

29.7 ± 8.5

26.6 ± 8.7

0.1

< 0.001

Boys

33.1 ± 9.3

29.2 ± 9.5

26.8 ± 9.2

0.04

0.004

Girls

32.7 ± 10.1

30.3 ± 7.8

26.3 ± 8.4

0.7

0.003

MUFA (g/d)

All

44.2 ± 12.0

44.2 ± 9.9

40.9 ± 10.9

0.2

0.05

Boys

45.2 ± 10.7

43.5 ± 11.6

41.9 ± 12.7

0.9

0.1

Girls

43.2 ± 13.3

45.0 ± 8.0

39.8 ± 8.7

0.04

0.2

PUFA (g/d)

All

15.6 ± 5.8

13.3 ± 5.1

10.9 ± 4.0

0.03

< 0.001

Boys

15.7 ± 5.5

13.5 ± 5.5

10.7 ± 3.7

0.2

< 0,001

Girls

15.6 ± 6.2

13.1 ± 4.6

11.1 ± 4.4

0.07

0.002

Cholesterol (mg/d)

All

373.5 ± 170.5

341.6 ± 87.6

305.6 ± 97.6

0.9

0.001

Boys

384.1 ± 212.0

345.3 ± 96.7

302.4 ± 89.0

0.7

0.02

Girls

362.8 ± 115.8

337.6 ± 78.1

308.9 ± 107.1

0.6

0.03

Fiber (g/d)

All

13.3 ± 4.3

13.4 ± 5.0

13.9 ± 6.2

0.5

0.9

Boys

13.9 ± 4.2

13.4 ± 5.4

14.6 ± 6.4

0.4

0.6

Girls

12.8 ± 4.4

13.4 ± 4.6

13.2 ± 6.0

0.9

0.6

Vitamin D (μg/d)

All

2.4 ± 2.3

2.6 ± 2.6

2.3 ± 2.5

1.0

0.5

Boys

2.5 ± 2.4

2.6 ± 2.4

2.5 ± 2.5

0. 4

0.8

Girls

2.4 ± 2.2

2.6 ± 2.7

2.1 ± 2.5

0.5

0.4

  1. SFA saturated fatty acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acid
  2. All, n = 131 participants (n = 70 boys and n = 61 girls; p = 0.65)
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Clinical Epigenetics

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