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Table 3 Longitudinal associations of dietary intake of folate with global and domain-specific cognitive decline

From: Dietary intakes and biomarker patterns of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 can be associated with cognitive impairment by hypermethylation of redox-related genes NUDT15 and TXNRD1

Cognitive performance

Folate (μg/day)

1st quartile

2nd quartile

3rd quartile

4th quartile

MMSE

B (95%CI)

− 0.11 (− 0.25, 0.04)

0.09 (− 0.05, 0.23)

Ref

0.06 (− 0.09, 0.22)

P value

0.155

0.188

Ref

0.418

MoCA

B (95%CI)

− 0.17 (− 0.40, 0.06)

− 0.04 (− 0.25, 0.17)

Ref

0.25 (0.01, 0.48)

P value

0.14

0.732

Ref

0.039*

AVLT-IR

B (95%CI)

0.32 (− 0.04, 0.67)

0.09 (− 0.24, 0.42)

Ref

− 0.07 (− 0.44, 0.30)

P value

0.081

0.604

Ref

0.7

AVLT-SR

B (95%CI)

0.07 (− 0.1, 0.24)

0.01 (− 0.18, 0.20)

Ref

0.23 (0.05, 0.41)

P value

0.405

0.939

Ref

0.013*

AVLT-LR

B (95%CI)

0.12 (− 0.07, 0.32)

− 0.10 (− 0.29, 0.08)

Ref

− 0.01 (− 0.21, 0.20)

P value

0.219

0.286

Ref

0.966

SDMT

B (95%CI)

0.57 (− 0.18, 1.33)

0.56 (− 0.14, 1.27)

Ref

0.51 (− 0.28, 1.30)

P value

0.138

0.119

Ref

0.207

LMT

B (95%CI)

− 0.03 (− 0.51, 0.45)

0.01 (− 0.44, 0.46)

Ref

0.60 (0.10, 1.10)

P value

0.903

0.963

Ref

0.019*

DSF

B (95%CI)

− 0.01 (− 0.11, 0.08)

− 0.07 (− 0.16, 0.02)

Ref

0.12 (0.02, 0.22)

P value

0.771

0.138

Ref

0.023*

DSB

B (95%CI)

− 0.01 (− 0.09, 0.09)

− 0.03 (− 0.12, 0.06)

Ref

0.05 (− 0.04, 0.15)

P value

0.997

0.497

Ref

0.266

  1. MMSE mini-mental state examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, AVLT-IR auditory verbal learning test-immediate recall, AVLT-SR auditory verbal learning test-short recall, AVLT-LR auditory verbal learning test-long recall, SDMT symbol digit modalities test, LMT logical memory test, DSF digit span forwards, DSB digit span backwards
  2. B: regression coefficients of linear mixed-effect models
  3. ∗P < 0.05