Table 3 Relative risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) for being physically frail or pre-frail according to epigenetic age acceleration at age 70

Extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration

Not frail

Pre-frail

Frail

 Adjusted for age and sex

Reference

1.02 (1.00, 1.04), p = 0.083

1.06 (1.02, 1.10), p = 0.006

 Multivariable-adjusted¹

Reference

1.02 (0.99, 1.04), p = 0.123

1.05 (1.01, 1.09), p = 0.023

 Adjusted for age and sex

Reference

1.01 (0.99, 1.04), p = 0.248

1.03 (0.98, 1.08), p = 0.225

 Multivariable-adjusted¹

Reference

1.01 (0.99, 1.04), p = 0.316

1.02 (0.97, 1.06), p = 0.523