Cooperative effect of chidamide and chemotherapeutic drugs induce apoptosis by DNA damage accumulation and repair defects in acute myeloid leukemia stem and progenitor cells

Table 2 Chidamide enhanced the cytotoxicity of IDA, DNR, or Ara-C to CD34⁺CD38⁻ KG1α and Kasumi cells in vitro

Drug	IC50 (nM) of KG1α		Fold	P	IC50 (nM) of Kasumi		Fold	P
Drug	Single	Combination	Fold	P	Single	Combination	Fold	P
IDA
24 h	92.36 ± 7.26	75.65 ± 14.36	1.22	0.146	85.67 ± 11.61	53.86 ± 10.75	1.59	0.025
48 h	56.96 ± 5.64	39.17 ± 6.50	1.45	0.023	26.13 ± 2.53	15.63 ± 1.21	1.84	0.003
72 h	40.99 ± 15.57	17.23 ± 5.88	2.38	0.024	17.23 ± 1.54	11.33 ± 0.95	1.52	0.005
DNR
24 h	500 ± 17.58	468.56 ± 21.35	1.07	0.209	324.81 ± 34.75	171.71 ± 32.41	1.89	0.005
48 h	257.90 ± 9.66	205.82 ± 7.23	1.25	0.002	160.97 ± 21.54	67.95 ± 8.09	2.37	0.002
72 h	224.20 ± 5.80	95.78 ± 5.91	2.34	<0.001	80.52 ± 13.36	47.20 ± 5.57	1.71	0.016
Ara-C
24 h	>10⁶	>10⁶	–	–	7920.75 ± 5131.77	3842.19 ± 2732.90	2.06	0.291
48 h	435.82 ± 51.23	313.13 ± 48.44	1.39	0.039	476.32 ± 29.21	300.70 ± 34.38	1.58	0.003
72 h	334.27 ± 28.76	127.84 ± 11.21	2.61	<0.001	181.46 ± 10.77	115.85 ± 6.83	1.54	0.001

Note: CD34⁺CD38⁻ KG1α and Kasumi cells were exposed to IDA, DNR, or Ara-C with or without chidamide (0.75 μM) for 24, 48, and 72 h, with cytotoxicity being assessed using a CCK-8 assay

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