Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants

At baseline

 Birth weight (g)

2811 (205)

3643 (185)

< 0 . 0001

 Gestational age (weeks)

40 (0.9)

39.9 (0.7)

0.83

 Age (years)

24.8 (1.4)

24.6 (1.2)

0.65

 Height (cm)

180.7 (5.7)

185.3 (5.3)

0 . 01

 Weight (kg)

73.5 (10)

78.5 (10.7)

0.14

 BMI (kg/m²)

22.5 (2.6)

22.9 (3.2)

0.65

 W/H ratio

0.9 (0.07)

0.89 (0.05)

0.76

 Subtotal fat (kg)

12.2 (5.2)

12.4 (5.4)

0.90

 Subtotal fat (%)

17.1 (5.2)

16.3 (5.1)

0.61

 Subtotal lean (kg)

54.6 (5.8)

59.2 (6.7)

0 . 03

 HgbA1c (%)

5.1 (0.3)

5.1 (0.2)

0.87

 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.0 (0.6)

4.3 (0.7)

0.20

 HDL (mmol/L)

1.11 (0.23)

1.13 (0.27)

0.80

 LDL (mmol/L)

2.5 (0.6)

2.7 (0.6)

0.28

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

0.95 (0.24)

1.04 (0.34)

0.35

 P-glucose (mmol/L)

4.7 (0.3)

4.8 (0.4)

0.41

 S-insulin (pmol/L)

26 (10)

23 (14)

0.55

 S-C-peptide (pmol/L)

441 (123)

441 (156)

0.98

 Energy expenditure (kJ/24 h)

−46.1 (−2.8%)

+85.6 (+5.1%)

0 . 02

 S-insulin (pmol/L)

−16.6 (−60%)

−11.1 (−42%)

0 . 05

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

−0.18 (−19.0%)

−0.10 (−9.9%)

0 . 02