PPARGC1α gene DNA methylation variations in human placenta mediate the link between maternal hyperglycemia and leptin levels in newborns

Table 4 Spearman’s correlation coefficients between placental DNA methylation and metabolic variables of the mothers (second trimester of pregnancy)—Gen3G birth cohort

DNA methylation levels^a	Maternal fasting glucose levels	Maternal fasting insulin levels	2 h post-OGTT glucose levels
DNA methylation levels^a	n = 170	n = 168	n = 169
PRDM16-CpG1 cg01046951	r = 0.005	r = 0.16	r = −0.05
PRDM16-CpG1 cg01046951	NS	p = 0.04	NS
PRDM16-CpG2 cg04873098	r = −0.14	r = 0.02	r = 0.03
PRDM16-CpG2 cg04873098	p = 0.07	NS	NS
PRDM16 cg06814194	r = −0.02	r = 0.10	r = −0.07
PRDM16 cg06814194	NS	NS	NS
PRDM16 cg23738647	r = 0.02	r = 0.08	r = −0.08
PRDM16 cg23738647	NS	NS	NS
BMP7 cg18759209	r = −0.16	r = −0.06	r = −0.10
BMP7 cg18759209	p = 0.04	NS	NS
PPARGC1α cg11270806	r = 0.005	r = 0.09	r = 0.27
PPARGC1α cg11270806	NS	NS	p < 0.001
PPARGC1α cg27514608	r = 0.03	r = 0.12	r = 0.20
PPARGC1α cg27514608	NS	NS	p = 0.008
PPARGC1α-CpG3 cg08550435	r = 0.04	r = 0.08	r = −0.006
PPARGC1α-CpG3 cg08550435	NS	NS	NS

^aResidual scores of DNA methylation levels were used in the statistical models. They were obtained by using unstandardized analysis of residuals computed by linear regressions which included gestational age, newborn’s sex and weight, smoking during pregnancy, weight gain between the first and second trimester and maternal BMI at the first trimester. Statistically significant results (p ≤ 0.05) are shown in bold, whereas statistical trends (p ≤ 0.10) are shown in italics. NS = p > 0.15

ISSN: 1868-7083