Articles

Evidence for transcript-specific epigenetic regulation of glucocorticoid-stimulated skeletal muscle 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 activity in type 2 diabetes

The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) converts inactive cortisone into active cortisol in insulin target tissues. In people with type 2 diabetes, skeletal muscle (SkM) 11βHSD1 is upregul...

Authors: Warrick J Inder, Varuni R Obeyesekere, Christina Jang and Richard Saffery

Putative molecular mechanism underlying sperm chromatin remodelling is regulated by reproductive hormones

The putative regulatory role of the male reproductive hormones in the molecular mechanism underlying chromatin condensation remains poorly understood. In the past decade, we developed two adult male rat models...

Authors: Manjeet Kaur Gill-Sharma, Jyoti Choudhuri, Mukhtar Aleem Ansari and Serena D’Souza

A systematic evaluation of whole genome amplification of bisulfite-modified DNA

Studying DNA methylation profiles in detail should be the first step in epigenetic research. Although sodium bisulfite modification of genomic DNA is the gold standard method for DNA methylation analysis, this...

Authors: Miki Bundo, Fumiko Sunaga, Junko Ueda, Kiyoto Kasai, Tadafumi Kato and Kazuya Iwamoto

DNA methylation of the IGF2/H19 imprinting control region and adiposity distribution in young adults

The insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 imprinted genes control growth and body composition. Adverse in-utero environments have been associated with obesity-related diseases and linked with altered DNA me...

Authors: Rae-Chi Huang, John C Galati, Sally Burrows, Lawrence J Beilin, Xin Li, Craig E Pennell, JAM van Eekelen, Trevor A Mori, Leon A Adams and Jeffrey M Craig

Genome-scale case-control analysis of CD4+ T-cell DNA methylation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis reveals potential targets involved in disease

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a complex autoimmune rheumatic disease of largely unknown cause. Evidence is growing that epigenetic variation, particularly DNA methylation, is associated with autoimmun...

Authors: Justine A Ellis, Jane E Munro, Raul A Chavez, Lavinia Gordon, Jihoon E Joo, Jonathan D Akikusa, Roger C Allen, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Jeffrey M Craig and Richard Saffery

Vitamin and antioxidant rich diet increases MLH1 promoter DNA methylation in DMT2 subjects

Oxidative stress may lead to an increased level of unrepaired cellular DNA damage, which is discussed as one risk for tumor initiation. Mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes act as proofreading complexes that maintain...

Authors: Olivier J Switzeny, Elisabeth Müllner, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Helmut Brath, Eva Aumüller and Alexander G Haslberger

Sirtuin1 single nucleotide polymorphism (A2191G) is a diagnostic marker for vibration-induced white finger disease

Vibration-induced white finger disease (VWF), also known as hand-arm vibration syndrome, is a secondary form of Raynaud’s disease, affecting the blood vessels and nerves. So far, little is known about the path...

Authors: Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht, Bernd Rossbach, Christina Schleithoff, Christian L Dransfeld, Stephan Letzel and Ulrich Mahlknecht

Secondhand smoke in combination with ambient air pollution exposure is associated with increasedx CpG methylation and decreased expression of IFN-γ in T effector cells and Foxp3 in T regulatory cells in children

Secondhand smoke (SHS) and ambient air pollution (AAP) exposures have been associated with increased prevalence and severity of asthma and DNA modifications of immune cells. In the current study, we examined t...

Authors: Arunima Kohli, Marco A Garcia, Rachel L Miller, Christina Maher, Olivier Humblet, S Katharine Hammond and Kari Nadeau

A role for low-abundance miRNAs in colon cancer: the miR-206/Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) axis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that affect the expression of genes involved in normal physiology, but that also become dysregulated in cancer development. In the latter context, studies t...

Authors: Mansi A Parasramka, W Mohaiza Dashwood, Rong Wang, Hassaan H Saeed, David E Williams, Emily Ho and Roderick H Dashwood

IGF2/H19 hypomethylation is tissue, cell, and CpG site dependent and not correlated with body asymmetry in adolescents with Silver-Russell syndrome

Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by severe intrauterine and postnatal growth failure and frequent body asymmetry. Half of the patients with SRS carry a DNA hypomethylation of the imprinting cente...

Authors: Kai Kannenberg, Karin Weber, Cathrin Binder, Christina Urban, Hans-Joachim Kirschner and Gerhard Binder

Milk kinship hypothesis in light of epigenetic knowledge

A wet nurse can be used if a baby’s natural mother is unable or chooses not to breastfeed her infant. The practice of using wet nurses is ancient and common to many cultures.

Authors: Hasan Ozkan, Funda Tuzun, Abdullah Kumral and Nuray Duman

Epigenetic alterations in preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the cervix

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most malignant tumors and the second or third most common type of cancer in women worldwide. The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and CC is widely known and acc...

Authors: Kathleen P Saavedra, Priscilla M Brebi and Juan Carlos S Roa

Epigenetic dysregulation of secreted frizzled-related proteins in myeloproliferative neoplasms complements the JAK2V617F-mutation

Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are antagonists of the Wnt signaling pathway, which plays a central role in stem cell maintenance and differentiation of stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors. Epigen...

Authors: Karla Bennemann, Oliver Galm, Stefan Wilop, Claudia Schubert, Tim H Brümmendorf and Edgar Jost

DNA promoter methylation as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in gallbladder cancer

Gallbladder cancer is an infrequent neoplasia with noticeable geographical variations in its incidence around the world. In Chile, it is the main cause of death owing to cancer in women over 40 years old, with...

Authors: Pablo Letelier, Priscilla Brebi, Oscar Tapia and Juan Carlos Roa

LINE-1 methylation in visceral adipose tissue of severely obese individuals is associated with metabolic syndrome status and related phenotypes

Epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of genes found to be differentially expressed in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of severely obese subjects with (MetS+) versus without (MetS-) metabol...

Authors: Valérie Turcot, André Tchernof, Yves Deshaies, Louis Pérusse, Alexandre Bélisle, Simon Marceau, Simon Biron, Odette Lescelleur, Laurent Biertho and Marie-Claude Vohl

Hypermethylation of the 5′ CpG island of the p14^ARF flanking exon 1β in human colorectal cancer displaying a restricted pattern of p53 overexpression concomitant with increased MDM2 expression

It has been suggested that inactivation of p14^ARF, a tumor suppressor central to regulating p53 protein stability through interaction with the MDM2 oncoprotein, abrogates p53 activity in human tumors retaining th...

Authors: Christine Nyiraneza, Christine Sempoux, Roger Detry, Alex Kartheuser and Karin Dahan

Delivery type not associated with global methylation at birth

Birth by cesarean delivery (CD) as opposed to vaginal delivery (VD) is associated with altered health outcomes later in life, including respiratory disorders, allergies and risk of developing type I diabetes. ...

Authors: Shama Virani, Dana C Dolinoy, Sindhu Halubai, Tamara R Jones, Steve E Domino, Laura S Rozek, Muna S Nahar and Vasantha Padmanabhan

On the epigenetics of vascular regulation and disease

Consolidated knowledge is accumulating as to the role of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the physiology of vascular development and vascular tone as well as in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. T...

Authors: Christina Schleithoff, Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht, Indra Navina Dahmke and Ulrich Mahlknecht

A macroepigenetic approach to identify factors responsible for the autism epidemic in the United States

The number of children ages 6 to 21 in the United States receiving special education services under the autism disability category increased 91% between 2005 to 2010 while the number of children receiving spec...

Authors: Renee Dufault, Walter J Lukiw, Raquel Crider, Roseanne Schnoll, David Wallinga and Richard Deth

Roles of histone deacetylases in epigenetic regulation: emerging paradigms from studies with inhibitors

The zinc-dependent mammalian histone deacetylase (HDAC) family comprises 11 enzymes, which have specific and critical functions in development and tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence points to a link between...

Authors: Geneviève P Delcuve, Dilshad H Khan and James R Davie

The epigenetic effects of butyrate: potential therapeutic implications for clinical practice

Butyrate is a short chain fatty acid derived from the microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon. In the last decade, multiple beneficial effects of butyrate at intestinal and extraintestinal level ...

Authors: Roberto Berni Canani, Margherita Di Costanzo and Ludovica Leone

Reproducibility and intraindividual variation over days in buccal cell DNA methylation of two asthma genes, interferon γ (IFNγ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)

The biological mechanisms responsible for the onset and exacerbation of asthma symptoms in children may involve the epigenetic regulation of inflammatory genes after environmental exposures. Using buccal cells...

Authors: DZ Torrone, JS Kuriakose, K Moors, H Jiang, MM Niedzwiecki, FF Perera and RL Miller

Is Friedreich ataxia an epigenetic disorder?

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a debilitating and frequently fatal neurological disorder that is recessively inherited. It belongs to the group of genetic disorders known as the Repeat Expansion Diseases, in whic...

Authors: Daman Kumari and Karen Usdin

Epigenetic understanding of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric disorders: a new concept of clinical genetics

Epigenetics is a mechanism that regulates gene expression independently of the underlying DNA sequence, relying instead on the chemical modification of DNA and histone proteins. Although environmental and gene...

Authors: Takeo Kubota, Kunio Miyake and Takae Hirasawa

Suffocating cancer: hypoxia-associated epimutations as targets for cancer therapy

Lower than normal levels of oxygen (hypoxia) is a hallmark of all solid tumours rendering them frequently resistant to both radiotherapy and chemotherapy regimes. Furthermore, tumour hypoxia and activation of ...

Authors: C Thirlwell, LKE Schulz, HK Dibra and S Beck

Ribavirin restores ESR1 gene expression and tamoxifen sensitivity in ESR1 negative breast cancer cell lines

Tumor growth is estrogen independent in approximately one-third of all breast cancers, which makes these patients unresponsive to hormonal treatment. This unresponsiveness to hormonal treatment may be explaine...

Authors: Anne Sappok and Ulrich Mahlknecht

Impact of DNA methylation on trophoblast function

The influence of epigenetics is evident in many fields of medicine today. This is also true in placentology, where versatile epigenetic mechanisms that regulate expression of genes have shown to have important...

Authors: L Serman and D Dodig

Analysis of hypermethylation and expression profiles of APC and ATM genes in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) gene products have an important role in cell cycle control and maintenance of genomic stability. Our aim was to analyze ATM and APC methyla...

Authors: Mohammad Ayub Rigi-Ladiz, Dor Mohammad Kordi-Tamandani and Adam Torkamanzehi

Epigenetic (de)regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implications for depression

Adult neurogenesis represents a dynamic level of modulation upon the neuroplastic properties of the mature nervous system, that is essential to the homeostatic brain function. The adult neurogenic process comp...

Authors: António Mateus-Pinheiro, Luísa Pinto and Nuno Sousa

Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells

Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, ther...

Authors: Praveen Rajendran, Emily Ho, David E Williams and Roderick H Dashwood

Promoter de-methylation of cyclin D2 by sulforaphane in prostate cancer cells

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, induces potent anti-proliferative effects in prostate cancer cells. One mechanism that may contribute to the anti-proliferative effect...

Authors: Anna Hsu, Carmen P Wong, Zhen Yu, David E Williams, Roderick H Dashwood and Emily Ho

The effects of depression and use of antidepressive medicines during pregnancy on the methylation status of the IGF2 imprinted control regions in the offspring

In utero exposures to environmental factors may result in persistent epigenetic modifications affecting normal development and susceptibility to chronic diseases in later life. We explored the relationship betwee...

Authors: A Soubry, SK Murphy, Z Huang, A Murtha, JM Schildkraut, RL Jirtle, F Wang, J Kurtzberg, W Demark-Wahnefried, MR Forman and C Hoyo

Clinical Epigenetics is now a fully open access journal

Authors: Ulrich Mahlknecht

Epigenetic approaches in stem cell transplantation

Authors: Nicole Engel

Clinico-pathological significance of TNF alpha-induced protein3 (TNFAIP3) in Middle Eastern colorectal carcinoma

Authors: Prashant Bavi, Jehad Abubaker, Nasser Al-Sanea, Alaa Abduljabbar, Luai H. Ashari, Samar Alhomoud, Fouad Al-Dayel, Shahab Uddin, Abdul K. Siraj and Khawla S. Al-Kuraya

Exposure and fetal growth-associated miRNA alterations in the human placenta

Researchers have begun to examine epigenetic alterations in the placenta, making key advances in understanding the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of the placenta that define underlying processes of human dev...

Authors: Matthew A. Maccani and Carmen J. Marsit

Unique patterns of evolutionary conservation of imprinted genes

During mammalian evolution, complex systems of epigenetic gene regulation have been established: Epigenetic mechanisms control tissue-specific gene expression, X chromosome inactivation in females and genomic ...

Authors: Martina Paulsen

H2AX phosphorylation at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks in cultivated mammalian cells and tissues

A sequence variant of histone H2A called H2AX is one of the key components of chromatin involved in DNA damage response induced by different genotoxic stresses. Phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) is rapidly concentra...

Authors: Denis V. Firsanov, Liudmila V. Solovjeva and Maria P. Svetlova

Aberrant DNA hypermethylation of the ITIH5 tumor suppressor gene in acute myeloid leukemia

Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA hypermethylation and modifications of histone amino acids are known to play an important role in the control of gene expression both in normal human development and tumorigene...

Authors: Christoph Oing, Edgar Jost, Edgar Dahl, Stefan Wilop, Tim H. Brümmendorf and Oliver Galm

Epigenetic regulation of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer deaths. Whilst the underlying mechanisms leading to prostate cancer are still to be determined, it is evident that both genet...

Authors: Suyin P. Chin, Joanne L. Dickinson and Adele F. Holloway

Epigenetic regulation of mucin genes in human cancers

Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that play important roles in diagnostic and prognostic prediction and in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion. Regulation of expression of mucin genes has been studi...

Authors: Norishige Yamada, Sho Kitamoto, Seiya Yokoyama, Tomofumi Hamada, Masamichi Goto, Hideaki Tsutsumida, Michiyo Higashi and Suguru Yonezawa

Modulation of gene-specific epigenetic states and transcription by non-coding RNAs

Emerging evidence points to a role for long non-coding RNAs in the modulation of epigenetic states and transcription in human cells. New insights, using various forms of small non-coding RNAs, suggest that a m...

Authors: Kevin V. Morris

Epigenetics and the power of art

This review presents an epigenetic view on complex factors leading to development and perception of “genius.” There is increasing evidence which indicates that artistic creativity is influenced by epigenetic p...

Authors: Heidrun Karlic and Pia Baurek

Long interspersed nuclear element-1 hypomethylation in cancer: biology and clinical applications

Epigenetic changes in long interspersed nuclear element-1s (LINE-1s or L1s) occur early during the process of carcinogenesis. A lower methylation level (hypomethylation) of LINE-1 is common in most cancers, an...

Authors: Nakarin Kitkumthorn and Apiwat Mutirangura

Epigenetic analyses in blood cells of men suspected of prostate cancer predict the outcome of biopsy better than serum PSA levels

Lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients with prostate cancer—the most frequent (noncutaneous) tumor in men—display epigenetic aberrations (altered modes of allelic replication) characteristic of the ...

Authors: Samuel Cytron, Evgeni Stepnov, Igor Bounkin, Maya Mashevich, Aviva Dotan and Lydia Avivi

Identification of ChIP-seq mapped targets of HP1β due to bombesin/GRP receptor activation

Epithelial cells lining the adult colon do not normally express gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) or its receptor (GRPR). In contrast, GRP/GRPR can be aberrantly expressed in human colorectal cancer (CRC) includ...

Authors: Robert Tell, Q. Tian Wang, Adam Blunier and Richard V. Benya

Epigenetic regulation of S100 protein expression

S100 proteins are small, calcium-binding proteins whose genes are localized in a cluster on human chromosome 1. Through their ability to interact with various protein partners in a calcium-dependent manner, th...

Authors: Wiesława Leśniak

Differential effects of nutritional folic acid deficiency and moderate hyperhomocysteinemia on aortic plaque formation and genome-wide DNA methylation in vascular tissue from ApoE-/- mice

Low folate intake is associated with vascular disease. Causality has been attributed to hyperhomocysteinemia. However, human intervention trials have failed to show the benefit of homocysteine-lowering therapi...

Authors: Chris J. McNeil, John H. Beattie, M-J Gordon, Lynn P. Pirie and Susan J. Duthie

Targeting Huntington’s disease through histone deacetylases

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with significant burdens on both patient and healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, treatment options for patients with this condi...

Authors: Steven G. Gray

5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine stress response and apoptosis in prostate cancer

While studying on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms (DNA methylation at C-5 of –CpG– cytosine and demethylation of methylated DNA) of certain genes (FAS, CLU, E-cadh, CD44, and Cav-1) associated with prostate c...

Authors: Aditi Patra, Moonmoon Deb, Rajvir Dahiya and Samir Kumar Patra