Table 1 Major active components with epigenetic modification effects from different herbal medicine

Allicin

Allium sativum

Garlic

[26]

Baicalin

Scutellaria baicalensis

Chinese skullcap

[27]

Calebin-A

Curcuma longa

Turmeric

[28]

Cannabidiol

Cannabis sativa

Hemp

[29]

Cannabigerol

Cannabis sativa

Hemp

[29]

Cucurbitacin B

Trichosanthes cucumerina

Snake gourd

[30]

Curcumin

Curcuma longa

Turmeric

[31]

Curcumol

Curcuma kwangsiensis

Curcumae rhizoma

[32]

Esculetin

Citrus limonia, Cortex fraxini, Ceratostigma willmottianum

Lemon leaf, Ash bark, Chinese plumbago

[33]

Hesperetin

Citrus

Citrus fruits

[34]

Hydroxysafflor yellow A

Flos carthami

Safflower

[35]

Juglanin

Polygonum aviculare

Bianxu

[36]

Kazinol Q

–

Formosan plant

[37]

Kaempferol

Cucurbita maxima, Daucus carota, Gingko biloba, Pinus densiflora, Angelicae decursiva, etc

Pumpkin, Carrot, Gingko, Japanese red pine, etc

[38]

Luteolin

Apium graveolens, Capsicum annuum, Perilla frutescens, Camellia sinensis

Celery, Green pepper, Perilla leaf, Chamomile tea

[39]

Moringa isothiocyanate

Moringa oleifera

Drumstick tree

[40]

Naringenin

Aurantii fructus

Immature trifoliate-orange fruit

[41]

N-butylidenephthalide

Angelica sinensis

Danggui

[42]

Nimbolide

Azadirachta indica

Neem

[43]

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid

Larrea tridentata

Creosote bush

[44]

Oleanolic acid

Oleaceae

Oleaceae family plants

[45]

Osthole

Cnidium monnieri

Shechuangzi

[46]

Parthenolide

Tanacetum parthenium

Feverfew

[47]

Piperine

Piper nigrum

Black pepper

[48]

Sennoside A

Rheum rhabarbarum

Rhubarb

[49]

Silibinin

Silybum marianum

Milk thistle

[50]

Tanshinone I

Salvia miltiorrhiza

Danshen

[51]

Tetramethylpyrazine

Chuanxiong rhizoma

Chuanxiong

[52]

Triptolide

Tripterygium wilfordii

–

[53]

Valeric acid

Valeriana officinalis

Valerian

[54]

Zaluzanin D

Gymnanthemum cass

Vernonia arborea

[55]

Z-ligustilide

Chuanxiong rhizoma

Chuanxiong

[56]