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Table 1 Characteristics of VLBW Cases and Controls with DNA Available at 28 years

From: DNA methylation patterns at birth predict health outcomes in young adults born very low birthweight

 

VLBW

n

Controls

N

p value

At birth

     

Birthweight, g

1135 ± 16.1

214

3468 ± 59.9

82

 < 0.001

Female n (%)

120 (55.8%)

214

61 (63.5%)

96

0.219

Gestation at birth, weeks

29.22 ± 0.17

215

38.50 ± 0 *

96

 < 0.001

Ethnicity

 

214

 

96

0.003

 Māori

60 (27.9%)

 

15 (15.6%)

  

 Pacific

4 (1.9%)

 

8 (8.3%)

  

 European

150 (69.8%)

 

73 (76.0%)

  

Ventilation, days

10.69 ± 1.04

215

Unknown

  

Maternal smoking in pregnancy, n (%)

87 (40.5%)

211

Unknown

  

Preeclampsia-toxemia

53 (24.7%)

214

Unknown

  

Treatment with antenatal steroids

124 (57.7%)

215

Unknown

  

Breast feeding duration, wks

4.15 ± 0.03

215

Unknown

  

At 28 years

     

Age at Screening, years

28.35 ± 0.07

208

28.18 ± 0.10

94

0.169

Current Smoking, n (%)

65 (30%)

214

20 (21%)

96

0.053

Ever smoked, n (%)

94 (44%)

214

32 (33%)

96

0.051

Diabetes Type 1, n (%)

0 (0%)

215

2 (2.1%)

96

0.095

Diabetes Type 2, n (%)

1 (0.5%)

215

1 (1.0%)

96

0.523

BMI, kg/m2

26.95 ± 0.43

205

28.23 ± 0.65

94

0.101

SBP, mmHg

121.85 ± 0.97

207

117.23 ± 1.39

94

0.008

DBP, mmHg

75.94 ± 0.72

207

74.02 ± 1.02

94

0.133

MAP, mmHg

87.36 ± 0.67

202

84.76 ± 0.90

94

0.026

LVMI, g/m2

89.68 ± 1.3

213

95.00 ± 2.31

96

0.036

LVEDV, mL/m2

58.09 ± 0.74

214

62.40 ± 1.27

96

0.002

LVESV, mL/m2

20.72 ± 0.33

214

22.60 ± 0.60

96

0.003

RV basal dia, cm

3.06 ± 0.03

203

3.23 ± 0.05

96

0.003

RAVI, cm3/m2

25.22 ± 0.46

212

28.36 ± 0.80

96

 < 0.001

Endo-GLS%

23.66 ± 0.26

108

24.95 ± 0.43

56

0.008

CO, L/min

4.92 ± 0.09

209

5.34 ± 0.12

94

0.009

SVI, mL/m2

37.38 ± 0.48

214

39.81 ± 0.82

96

0.008

LnRHI

0.61 ± 0.02

188

0.68 ± 0.03

93

0.062

LV Elastance, mmHg/mL

3.38 ± 0.06

208

2.84 ± 0.08

94

 < 0.001

Arterial Elastance, mmHg/mL

1.85 ± 0.03

208

1.59 ± 0.04

94

 < 0.001

FEV1 z-score

− 0.66 ± 0.08

210

− 0.15 ± 0.12

96

 < 0.001

FEV1 z-score by FVC z-score

− 1.23 ± 0.08

210

− 0.62 ± 0.10

96

 < 0.001

FEF25–75 z-score

− 1.30 ± 0.09

211

− 0.51 ± 0.12

96

 < 0.001

RV z-score

− 0.81 ± 0.07

212

− 1.22 ± 0.09

96

 < 0.001

RV by TLCz-score

− 1.06 ± 0.07

212

− 1.49 ± 0.09

96

 < 0.001

DLCO z-score

− 0.69 ± 0.07

210

− 0.12 ± 0.08

93

 < 0.001

KCO z-score

− 0.60 ± 0.07

210

− 0.02 ± 0.10

93

 < 0.001

VO2 Max, kg

30.68 ± 0.58

191

31.23 ± 0.83

89

0.590

WBC, 109/L

6.45 ± 0.12

208

6.06 ± 0.17

94

0.066

Platelets 109/L

244.7 ± 4.06

208

252.6 ± 5.90

94

0.278

Neutrophils, 109/L

3.67 ± 0.09

208

3.32 ± 0.13

94

0.032

Lymphocytes, 109/L

2.02 ± 0.04

208

2.01 ± 0.05

94

0.893

Monocytes, 109/L

0.52 ± 0.01

208

0.49 ± 0.02

94

0.099

Eosinophils, 109/L

0.22 ± 0.01

205

0.23 ± 0.02

94

0.819

Basophils, 109/L

0.06 ± 0.002

88

0.06 ± 0.002

41

0.299

  1. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM or n (%). p values <0.005 indicated by bold font
  2. BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; SBP, systolic BP; DBP, diastolic BP; MAP, mean arterial pressure; BSA, body surface area; LVMI, left ventricular mass index; LVEDV, LV end diastolic volume indexed to BSA, LVESV, LV end systolic volume indexed to BSA; RV basal dia, right ventricular basal diameter; RAVI volume, right ventricular volume indexed to BSA; Endo-GLS, Global endocardial longitudinal strain; CO, cardiac output; SVI, Stroke Volume indexed to BSA; LnRHI, Ln Reactive Hyperemia Index; LV Elastance, left ventricular elastance; Z-scores for the following indices: FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FEF25–7 5, forced expiratory flow at 25 and 75% of the pulmonary volume; FEV1 by FVC, ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity; RV, residual volume; RV by TLC, ratio of RV to total lung capacity; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide; KCO, carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; WBC, white blood cell count
  3. *Controls were considered born at term (37 to 40 weeks) and mean gestation was set at 38.5 weeks
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Clinical Epigenetics

ISSN: 1868-7083

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