Fig. 2

Longitudinal profiling of DNAm in UC patients at during the disease. a, b Boxplots show the rectal biopsy DNA methylation (DNAm) estimated cell proportions for epithelial, immune and fibroblast compared among a controls (n = 85), UC at diagnosis (n = 211) and UC at Follow-up (n = 73), and b UC patients who underwent clinical remission at week 52 (n = 22) vs those who did not (n = 45). p Values are from the Wilcoxon test. c Cell-specific epigenome-wide analysis (EWAS) analysis shows differentially methylated sites between UC at diagnosis and UC at follow-up (paired samples, n = 73) for all three major cell types. The blue line represents the sites significant at FDR < 0.05, and the red line represents the sites significant at epigenome-wide p < 1e−08. d The effect sizes for all the UC associated sites from all three types epithelial (n = 3504 CpG sites) and fibroblast (n = 910) and immune cells (n = 2279) of UC at diagnosis i.e., UC at diagnosis vs Controls (x-axis) were compared to UC at disease course i.e., UC at diagnosis vs follow-up (y-axis). In the immune sub-panel, maroon dots represent the 96 CpG sites that reached significance after multiple test corrections on p-values of 2279 CpGs in UC at disease course (FDR < 0.05). e The effect sizes for all the CpG sites associated with disease course i.e., UC at diagnosis vs follow-up (y-axis) from only immune cells (n = 668) were compared to UC at diagnosis i.e., UC at diagnosis versus Controls (x-axis). In the sub-panel, maroon dots represent the 154 CpG sites that reached significance after multiple test corrections on p values of 668 CpGs in UC at diagnosis (FDR < 0.05)