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Table 6 Associations between PFAS and birth outcomes (n = 141)

From: Mediation effects of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation on birth outcomes after prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in the Michigan mother–infant Pairs cohort

PFAS

Gestational age (weeks)

Fenton Z-score: size-for-gestational age, corrected by sex

PFHxS

β = 0.04 ± 0.21

p = 0.85

β = −0.25 ± 0.16

p = 0.036

PFOS

β = −0.160 ± 0.19

p = 0.40

β = −0.12 ± 0.15

p = 0.41

PFOA

β = −0.056 ± 0.17

p = 0.75

β = −0.036 ± 0.14

p = 0.79

PFNA

β = −0.31 ± 0.19

p = 0.089

β = −0.016 ± 0.15

p = 0.91

PFDA

β = −0.27 ± 0.17

p = 0.114

β = 0.13 ± 0.13

p = 0.383

PFUnDA

β = −0.46 ± 0.19

p = 0.019

β = 0.010 ± 0.16

p = 0.95

MeFOSAA

β = 0.15 ± 0.20

p = 0.45

β = −0.059 ± 0.16

p = 0.71

  1. Relationships with a p-value < 0.1 were considered for mediation
  2. MeFOSAA—2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid; PFAS—per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFHxS—perfluorohexanesulphonic acid; PFDA—perfluorodecanoic acid; PFNA—perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA—perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS—perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; PFUnDA—perfluoroundecanoic acid.