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Table 3 Sites with significant associations between PFAS and total methylation (q < 0.05, n = 141)

From: Mediation effects of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation on birth outcomes after prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in the Michigan mother–infant Pairs cohort

PFAS

Illumina CpG Name

Estimate

SE

Lower 95% CI

Upper 95% CI

p-value

BH

q-value

Chromosome: Position

UCSC Gene Name

PFHxS

 

cg05645702

−0.692

0.094

−0.876

−0.508

1.71E−11

6.37E−06

chr2:242190905

HDLBP

 

cg03282686

0.533

0.088

0.361

0.705

1.56E−08

0.003

chr4:177116826

SPATA4

 

cg21555240

−0.598

0.109

−0.812

−0.384

1.93E−07

0.016

chr5:89734950

 
 

cg08313040

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

6.70E−39

4.99E−33

chr6:33092243

HLA-DPB2

 

cg11172857

−0.659

0.109

−0.873

−0.445

1.73E−08

0.003

chr6:168956903

SMOC2

 

cg18850427

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

2.82E−07

0.021

chr7:4009036

SDK1

 

cg02124746

−0.666

0.124

−0.909

−0.423

3.54E−07

0.024

chr9:91615137

S1PR3

 

cg00267172

−0.479

0.079

−0.634

−0.324

1.14E−08

0.003

chr10:11487791

 
 

cg20139630

−0.222

0.040

−0.300

−0.144

1.48E−07

0.014

chr15:40476003

BUB1B

 

cg02249969

−0.280

0.050

−0.378

−0.182

1.11E−07

0.012

chr17:1969338

SMG6

 

cg08127348

0.197

0.035

0.128

0.266

1.04E−07

0.012

chr19:17448311

GTPBP3

 

cg26853093

0.616

0.116

0.389

0.843

4.67E−07

0.029

chr19:17448469

GTPBP3

PFOS

 

cg12909455

0.595

0.095

0.409

0.781

4.91E−09

0.001

chr1:32458635

 
 

cg01848660

0.509

0.086

0.340

0.678

2.45E−08

0.003

chr2:68269960

C1D

 

cg26157972

−0.676

0.107

−0.886

−0.466

4.49E−09

0.001

chr5:1049232

 
 

cg21685054

0.449

0.083

0.286

0.612

2.96E−07

0.018

chr5:169810494

KCNMB1

 

cg09781987

0.539

0.097

0.349

0.729

1.58E−07

0.012

chr6:4828434

CDYL

 

cg19637177

0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.003

2.64E−08

0.003

chr6:109417087

C6orf182

 

cg16832302

0.443

0.082

0.282

0.604

3.30E−07

0.018

chr6:169689336

 
 

cg17341879

0.397

0.074

0.252

0.542

4.22E−07

0.021

chr7:75690308

MDH2

 

cg07107633

0.318

0.059

0.202

0.434

3.45E−07

0.018

chr8:40960365

 
 

cg20943155

0.542

0.103

0.340

0.744

6.33E−07

0.028

chr10:118031958

GFRA1

 

cg06931591

0.385

0.073

0.242

0.528

5.66E−07

0.026

chr10:118980094

 
 

cg06354984

0.587

0.090

0.411

0.763

1.41E−09

4.60E−04

chr10:128211107

C10orf90

 

cg02719427

0.002

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.004

1.85E−09

4.60E−04

chr11:2151725

INS-IGF2; IGF2

 

cg20360148

0.600

0.092

0.420

0.780

1.69E−09

4.60E−04

chr11:64685078

ATG2A

 

cg09793269

0.432

0.084

0.267

0.597

9.61E−07

0.040

chr12:105348269

 
 

cg23914694

0.186

0.034

0.119

0.253

2.51E−07

0.017

chr12:132832250

GALNT9

 

cg11280185

0.444

0.080

0.287

0.601

1.42E−07

0.012

chr16:237270

 
 

cg18680035

0.267

0.052

0.165

0.369

1.08E−06

0.042

chr19:6818326

VAV1

 

cg15429214

−0.448

0.078

−0.601

−0.295

6.43E−08

0.006

chr22:43166281

 

PFOA

 

cg26157972

−0.569

0.097

−0.759

−0.379

3.95E−08

0.029

chr5:1049232

 
 

cg06537609

−0.140

0.025

−0.189

−0.091

1.09E−07

0.040

chr5:176217086

 

PFNA

 

cg26157972

−0.711

0.109

−0.925

−0.497

1.39E−09

0.001

chr5:1049232

 
 

cg20360148

0.552

0.094

0.368

0.736

4.08E−08

0.015

chr11:64685078

ATG2A

 

cg15429214

−0.424

0.075

−0.571

−0.277

1.06E−07

0.026

chr22:43166281

 

PFDA

 

cg26157972

−0.602

0.089

−0.776

−0.428

5.30E−10

1.32E−04

chr5:1049232

 
 

cg20360148

0.491

0.076

0.342

0.640

2.12E−09

3.95E−04

chr11:64685078

ATG2A

 

cg03647233

0.003

 < 0.001

0.001

0.005

2.33E−11

8.68E−06

chr11:117387430

DSCAML1

 

cg03958076

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

1.25E−34

9.30E−29

chr22:41304942

XPNPEP3

  1. Because beta regressions (logit link functions) were used to model differences in DNA methylation, estimates and SEs for methylation differences representing each log-fold unit change in PFAS concentration or categorical PFAS detection can be approximated by exp(estimate), exp(SE), or exp(CI)
  2. BH: Benjamini–Hochberg; CI: confidence interval; CpG: cytosine-guanine site where methylation was measured; PFAS: per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFHxS: perfluorohexanesulphonic acid; PFDA: perfluorodecanoic acid; PFNA: perfluorononanoic acid; PFOA: perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS: perfluorooctanesulfonic acid; SE: standard error