Table 1 Cohort demographics
Maternal characteristics | Mean (SD) or percent (count) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Entire cohort n = 309* | Total methylation n = 141 | 5-mC + 5-hmC n = 70 | |
Age (years) | 31.53 (4.2) | 31.84 (4.1) | 31.80 (4.4) |
Parity (count) | 1.05 (1.0) | 1.01 (0.9) | 0.90 (0.8) |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 69.28 (15.2) | 70.65 (16.9) | 69.10 (15.7) |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 25.42 (5.3) | 25.80 (5.7) | 25.51 (5.4) |
Marital status | |||
Married | 81.6% (252) | 80.1% (113) | 75.7% (53) |
Single | 16.8% (52) | 19.1% (27) | 22.9% (16) |
Unknown | 1.6% (5) | < 1% (1) | < 1% (1) |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 69.6% (215) | 75.1% (106) | 68.6% (48) |
Quit before Pregnancy | 12.6% (39) | 13.4% (19) | 12.9% (9) |
Quit during Pregnancy | 2.3% (7) | 2.8% (4) | 4.3% (3) |
Smoked < 11 cigarettes/day | 2.9% (9) | 2.1% (3) | 4.3% (3) |
Unknown | 12.6% (39) | 6.4% (9) | 10.0% (7) |
Ethnicity and race | |||
White, Non-Hispanic | 81.9% (253) | 81.6% (115) | 72.9% (51) |
Black or African American, Non-Hispanic | 6.5% (20) | 6.4% (9) | 10.0% (7) |
Hispanic | 2.6% (8) | 2.1% (3) | 4.3% (3) |
Asian, Non-Hispanic | 4.5% (14) | 2.8% (4) | 2.9% (2) |
Native American, Non-Hispanic | 0.6% (2) | < 1% (1) | 1.4% (1) |
Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 0.6% (2) | 0% (0) | 0% (0) |
Multi-Ethnic/Racial | 1.0% (3) | 2.1% (3) | 1.4% (1) |
Unknown | 2.3% (7) | 4.3% (6) | 5.7% (4) |
Infant Characteristics | n = 288 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 48.3% (147) | 48.9% (69) | 52.9% (37) |
Female | 51.0% (139) | 51.1% (72) | 47.1% (33) |
Gestational Age at Birth (days) | 274.49 (12.5) | 276.73 (8.1) | 275.86 (9.1) |
Birthweight (grams) | 3414.3 (533.0) | 3435.0 (482.1) | 3351.79 (518.9) |
Fenton Z-Score | 0.09 (0.91) | 0.04 (0.91) | −0.11 (1.0) |
PFAS Exposures^ | n = 206 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
PFHxS (µg/L) | 3.40 (2.0) | 3.19 (1.6) | 3.08 (1.7) |
PFOS (µg/L) | 5.73 (2.9) | 5.25 (1.7) | 5.04 (1.8) |
PFOA (µg/L) | 1.35 (0.9) | 1.14 (1.9) | 1.14 (1.9) |
PFNA (µg/L) | 0.41 (0.2) | 0.36 (1.8) | 0.37 (1.8) |
PFDA (µg/L) | 0.16 (0.1) | 0.13 (1.8) | 0.12 (1.8) |
PFUnDA (% above the LOD) | 41.3% (85) | 35.5% (50) | 38.6% (27) |
MeFOSAA (% above the LOD) | 34% (70) | 37.6% (53) | 42.9% (30) |