Demographics and medical characteristics of participants | Healthy control children N = 392 | PICU-patients N = 818 | p-value | PICU-patients Early-PN N = 406 | PICU-patients Late-PN N = 412 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||||
Age at 2-year follow-up (age at swab collection) | ||||||
Median (IQR)—years | 3.8 (2.6–8.2) | 3.4 (2.6–7.9) | 0.96 | 3.5 (2.6–8.1) | 3.2 (2.6–7.7) | 0.60 |
Mean (SD)—years | 6.0 (4.7) | 6.0 (4.8) | 6.0 (4.6) | 6.0 (4.9) | ||
Gender | ||||||
Male—no (%) | 212 (54.1) | 475 (58.1) | 0.19 | 238 (58.6) | 237 (57.5) | 0.75 |
Female—no (%) | 180 (45.9) | 343 (41.9) | 168 (41.4) | 175 (42.5) | ||
Known non-Caucasian racea—no (%) | 32 (8.2) | 66 (8.1) | 0.95 | 39 (9.6) | 27 (6.6) | 0.10 |
Known non-European origina—no (%) | 51 (13.0) | 144 (17.6) | 0.03 | 82 (20.2) | 62 (15.0) | 0.05 |
Medical characteristics | ||||||
STRONGkids risk levelb | / | 0.69 | ||||
Medium—no (%) | NA | 736 (90.0) | 367 (90.4) | 369 (89.6) | ||
High—no (%) | NA | 82 (10.0) | 39 (9.6) | 43 (10.4) | ||
PeLOD score, first 24 h in PICUc—mean (SD) | NA | 21.0 (11.6) | / | 21.0 (11.8) | 21.1 (11.4) | 0.69 |
PIM3 scored—mean (SD) | NA | −3.4 (1.4) | / | −3.4 (1.4) | −3.5 (1.3) | 0.48 |
PIM3 probability of deathe (%)—mean (SD) | NA | 6.7 (11.8) | / | 6.9 (11.9) | 6.4 (11.6) | 0.63 |
Diagnostic category | / | 0.71 | ||||
Surgical | ||||||
Abdominal—no (%) | NA | 63 (7.7) | 28 (9.4) | 29 (9.2) | ||
Burns—no (%) | NA | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | ||
Cardiac—no (%) | NA | 364 (44.5) | 126 (42.4) | 138 (43.5) | ||
Neurosurgery-Traumatic brain injury—no (%) | NA | 72 (8.8) | 28 (9.4) | 23 (7.3) | ||
Thoracic—no (%) | NA | 41 (5.0) | 20 (6.7) | 15 (4.7) | ||
Transplantation—no (%) | NA | 14 (1.7) | 3 (1.0) | 7 (2.2) | ||
Orthopaedic surgery-Trauma—no (%) | NA | 40 (4.9) | 12 (4.0) | 7 (2.2) | ||
Other—no (%) | NA | 26 (3.2) | 8 (2.7) | 13 (4.1) | ||
Medical | ||||||
Cardiac—no (%) | NA | 24 (2.9) | 8 (2.7) | 14 (4.4) | ||
Gastrointestinal-Hepatic—no (%) | NA | 5 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | ||
Oncologic-Haematologic—no (%) | NA | 5 (0.6) | 2 (0.7) | 3 (1.0) | ||
Neurologic—no (%) | NA | 49 (6.0) | 16 (5.4) | 19 (6.0) | ||
Renal—no (%) | NA | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Respiratory—no (%) | NA | 78 (9.5) | 30 (10.1) | 34 (10.7) | ||
Other—no (%) | NA | 35 (4.3) | 14 (4.7) | 13 (4.1) | ||
Malignancy—no (%) | 0 (0.0) | 39 (4.8) | < 0.0001 | 24 (5.9) | 15 (3.6) | 0.12 |
Syndromef—no (%) | 4 (1.0) | 168 (20.5) | < 0.0001 | 81 (20.0) | 87 (21.1) | 0.67 |