Fig. 5

Altered methylation within the GDF2 promoter is observed exclusively with TC patients. A UCSC genome browser view of the GDF2 gene (grow differentiation factor 2), with tracks showing location of 450 K probes (450 K CpGs) and all CpGs (CpG sites) within the region. Graphs of the average beta-value from each patient groups are depicted, plotting the sites B according to their relative position with the genome and C separated to indicate SEM and significant CpG sites as discovered following post hoc testing. Highlighted areas in B and C indicate the DMR discovered following three-group ANOVA, while * indicates significant differences in post hoc Tukey’s testing. D A schematic view of CpGs found within promoter region of GDF2 and pyrosequencing PCR and sequencing primers designed to validate altered methylation. CpG sites analyzed using the 450 K array are indicated. E Pyrosequencing results of all CpG sites analyzed between CC and TC patients. Mean ± SEM; p < 0.05 *