Table 1 Characteristics of study participants

Age, year

60.13 ± 10.48

53.59 ± 12.50

57.27 ± 12.98

Male, n (%)

241 (56.31%)

148 (63.52%)

585 (67.87%)

History of chronic lung diseases, n (%)

34 (7.94%)

31 (13.31%)

–

Personal tumor history, n (%)

15 (3.51%)

9 (3.86%)

–

Family tumor history, n (%)

64 (14.95%)

27 (11.59%)

–

Smoking, n (%)

150 (35.05%)

67 (28.76%)

–

Alcohol drinking, n (%)

95 (22.20%)

49 (21.03%)

–

Nodule length, mm

31.18 ± 21.29

23.93 ± 17.25

–

Tumor types

 Squamous carcinoma, n (%)

81 (18.97%)

–

–

 Adenocarcinoma, n (%)

291 (68.15%)

–

–

 Other NSCLC, n (%)

26 (6.08%)

–

–

 Small cell carcinoma, n (%)

29 (6.79%)

–

–

Clinical stage

 I, n (%)

154 (37.75%)

–

–

 II, n (%)

18 (4.41%)

–

–

 III, n (%)

103 (25.25%)

–

–

 IV, n (%)

133 (32.60%)

–

–

 Unstaged

20 (4.67%)

–

–

BPN types

 Tuberculosis, n (%)

–

23 (9.87%)

–

 Mycotic infection, n (%)

–

13 (5.58%)

–

 Chronic inflammation, n (%)

–

100 (42.92%)

–

 Pulmonary fibrosis, n (%)

–

2 (0.86%)

–

 Inflammatory pseudotumor, n (%)

–

5 (2.15%)

–

 Hamartoma, n (%)

–

11 (4.72%)

–

 Sclerotic pulmonary cytomas, n (%)

–

15 (6.44%)

–

 Granuloma, n (%)

–

6 (2.58%)

–

 Others/unknown, n (%)

–

11 (4.72%)

–