Table 1 Effect of gamete cryopreservation on imprinted genes
Reference | Species | Materials | Technology of assessment | Targeted imprinted genes | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kläver et al. [90] | Human | Spermatozoa | Bisulfite conversion | MEG3, H19, KCNQ1OT1, SNRPN, MEST, ALU, LINE1, VASA, MTHFR | No significant differences |
Khosravizadeh et al. [91] | Human | Spermatozoa | Quantitative methylation specific PCR | SNURF, SNRPN and UBE3A | No significant differences |
Al-Khtib et al. [105] | Human | MII oocytes that were vitrified at the GV stage, warmed and matured in vitro | Bisulfite mutagenesis and sequencing | H19 and KCNQ1OT1 | Oocyte vitrification at the GV stage does not affect the methylation profiles of H19-DMR and KCNQ1OT1-DMR of the in vitro matured oocytes |
Zeng et al. [84] | pPig | Spermatozoa | q-PCR and ELISA | Igf2 | Igf2 was significantly decreased after vitrification |
Zhao et al. [103] | Bovine | Vitrified MII oocytes from matured in vitro | Single-cell whole-genome methylation sequencing | Global analysis | Peg3 methylation level was significantly decreased in derived blastocysts |
Chen et al. [99] | Bovine | Vitrified MII oocytes from matured in vitro | q-PCR | Peg3, Peg10, Kcnq1ot1, Xist, Igf2r | Peg10, Kcnq1ot1, Xist were significantly increased after vitrification |
Chen et al. [100] | Mouse | MII oocytes and 2-cell embryos | q-PCR and bisulfite sequencing | Gtl2, H19, Igf2, Peg3, Peg10, Igf2r | Peg3, Peg10, Igf2r were significantly different in MII oocytes and 2-cell embryos after vitrification |
Cantatore et al. [101] | Mouse | 2-cell and blastocyst from vitrified metaphase II oocytes | q-PCR | Igf2r and Gtl2 | No significant differences |
Cheng et al. [102] | Mouse | Blastocysts from vitrified MII oocytes | Bisulfite sequencing | H19, Peg3, Snrpn | No significant differences in oocytes. Decrease in blastocysts after oocyte vitrification |
Ma et al. [98] | Mouse | Mature metaphase II (MII) oocytes | WGBS combined with RNA-seq | Global analysis | Kcnq1ot1 was significantly down regulated in the vitrified oocytes |