Fig. 3

DNAm in individual CpG sites as predictor or consequence of allergic disease. CpG sites that were identified as mediators in at least one HMA (HIMA or DACT) and validated in causal mediation analysis are presented. Significant indirect effects are indicated with an asterisk and the title follows the pattern exposure–mediator–outcome. Evaluation A whether the association between (i) maternal smoking during pregnancy/(ii) family history of allergic disease/(iii) PRS for any allergies and allergic sensitization at ten/15 years is mediated by prior changes in DNAm at six/ten years or B whether the association between (i) maternal smoking during pregnancy/(ii) family history of allergic disease/(iii) PRS for any allergies and changes in DNAm at ten years is mediated by prior allergic sensitization at six years. For cg19310430 there is no corresponding model for hypothesis (H2) as DNAm was not measured at 15 years