Fig. 1

CRNDE is highly expressed in human HCC and positively correlated with tumor size, pathological stage, and poor survival. A, B High CRNDE expression in 240 pairs of human HCC tissues (T) relative to adjacent normal (N) tissues, determined using qRT-PCR with 18S rRNA as the loading control. Data are presented as fold change of CRNDE in human HCC and adjacent normal tissues. C Elevated levels of CRNDE RNA in human HCC (T) (n = 369) compared to adjacent normal tissue (N) (n = 160), calculated from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. D High expression of CRNDE in HCC (n = 35) compared with liver (n = 10) specimens from the Wurmbach Liver dataset in the Oncomine database. E Kaplan–Meier analysis of both median overall survival according to CRNDE expression. High CRNDE expression in human HCC tissues was associated with poor prognostic outcomes. (High CRNDE expression group: CRNDE expression values higher than the median; low CRNDE expression group: CRNDE expression values below the median; median = 2.034: tumor/normal (T/N) ratio median of CRNDE in 240 HCC specimens). F–G Data are presented as relative expression levels in tumor tissues. CRNDE expression was significantly increased in HCC patients with higher pathological stages and larger tumors. Statistical significance (p value) was calculated with the two-tailed Student's t-test for a single comparison between two groups. Data are presented as mean ± SD (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001)