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Table 1 Basic characteristics of the 2474 TWB participants stratified by tertiles of GrimEAA

From: Cardiovascular health and four epigenetic clocks

 

Overall

GrimEAA T1 (< − 1.64 years)Ref

GrimEAA T2 (− 1.64 to 0.88 years)

GrimEAA T3 (> 0.88 years)

N (male %)

2474 (50.24%)

825 (27.39%)

824 (48.18%)***

825 (75.15%)***

Chronological age (standard deviation, SD)

49.76 (11.08)

50.52 (10.98)

48.63 (11.02)***

50.12 (11.16)

Education (%)

Illiterate

5 (0.20%)

2 (0.24%)

3 (0.36%)

0 (0.00%)

No formal education but literate

2 (0.08%)

1 (0.12%)

1 (0.12%)

0 (0.00%)

Primary school graduate

95 (3.84%)

33 (4.00%)

27 (3.28%)

35 (4.24%)

Junior high school graduate

137 (5.54%)

49 (5.94%)

43 (5.22%)

45 (5.45%)

Senior high school graduate

718 (29.02%)

242 (29.33%)

223 (27.06%)

253 (30.67%)

College graduate

1254 (50.69%)

413 (50.06%)

433 (52.55%)

408 (49.45%)

Master’s or higher degree

261 (10.55%)

84 (10.18%)

94 (11.41%)

83 (10.06%)

7 components of the CVH score (%)

Smoking status—never

1614 (65.24%)

693 (84.00%)

598 (72.48%)***

323 (39.15%)***

Smoking status—formera

312 (12.61%)

47 (5.70%)

89 (10.79%)***

176 (21.33%)***

Smoking status—current

283 (11.44%)

16 (1.94%)

29 (3.52%)

238 (28.85%)***

Ideal BMIb

1240 (50.12%)

508 (61.58%)

420 (50.91%)***

312 (37.82%)***

Ideal physical activityc

1092 (44.14%)

389 (47.15%)

347 (42.06%)*

356 (43.15%)

Ideal cholesterol leveld

1444 (58.37%)

441 (53.45%)

503 (60.97%)**

500 (60.61%)**

Ideal fasting glucose levele

1951 (78.86%)

713 (86.42%)

667 (80.85%)**

571 (69.21%)***

Ideal blood pressuref

1315 (53.15%)

490 (59.39%)

447 (54.18%)*

378 (45.82%)***

Ideal dietg

456 (31.78% out of 1435)

185 (39.03% out of 474)

162 (32.40% out of 500)*

109 (23.64% out of 461)***

6-point CVH score (%)

N

127 (5.13%)

824

824

823

 0–1

329 (13.30%)

15 (1.82%)

24 (2.91%)

88 (10.67%)***

 2

554 (22.39%)

76 (9.21%)

105 (12.73%)*

148 (17.94%)***

 3

716 (28.94%)

151 (18.30%)

172 (20.85%)

231 (28.00%)***

 4

586 (23.69%)

256 (31.03%)

257 (31.15%)

203 (24.61%)**

 5

159 (6.43%)

258 (31.27%)

206 (24.97%)**

122 (14.79%)***

 6

127 (5.13%)

68 (8.25%)

60 (7.28%)

31 (3.77%)***

  1. RefT1 (tertile 1, the reference group); T2 (or T3) compared with T1 based on the two-sample proportion test
  2. aA former smoker was defined as an individual who has quitted smoking for at least 6 months
  3. bIdeal BMI: body mass index less than 24 kg/m2, according to the criterion proposed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan
  4. cIdeal physical activity was defined as performing 30 min of exercise (including leisure-time activities such as swimming, cycling, jogging, weight training, dancing, mountain climbing, etc.) at least 3 times a week
  5. dIdeal cholesterol level was defined as a total cholesterol level less than 200 mg/dL
  6. eIdeal fasting glucose level was defined as a fasting glucose level less than 100 mg/dL
  7. fIdeal blood pressure was defined as a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure below 80 mmHg
  8. gIdeal diet was assessed according to the consumption of food categories, sodium, and fat intake
  9. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
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Clinical Epigenetics

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