Table 3 Total and indirect effects of smoking in childhood on health outcomes (N = 2978)
From: Lifetime exposure to smoking, epigenetic aging, and morbidity and mortality in older adults
Outcome | Total effect | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|
Panel A. Total effects of smoking in youth on health outcomes | |||
Mortality | 0.0012 | − 0.0265 | 0.0284 |
Cancer | 0.0323 | − 0.0193 | 0.0848 |
High blood pressure | 0.0071 | − 0.0452 | 0.0596 |
Lung disease | 0.0749 | 0.0282 | 0.1213 |
Heart disease | 0.0249 | − 0.0292 | 0.0788 |
Outcome | Mediator(s) | Indirect effect | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Panel B. Indirect effects of smoking in youth on health outcomes—GrimAgeAdj | ||||
Mortality | GrimAgeAdj | 0.0042 | 0.0011 | 0.0076 |
Cancer | GrimAgeAdj | 0.0042 | 0.0003 | 0.0101 |
High blood pressure | GrimAgeAdj | 0.0092 | 0.0021 | 0.0184 |
Lung disease | GrimAgeAdj | 0.0080 | 0.0018 | 0.0160 |
Heart disease | GrimAgeAdj | 0.0075 | 0.0017 | 0.0151 |
Mortality | Adult Pack Years | 0.0008 | − 0.0093 | 0.0110 |
Cancer | Adult Pack Years | 0.0207 | − 0.0084 | 0.0527 |
High blood pressure | Adult Pack Years | − 0.0054 | − 0.0214 | 0.0112 |
Lung disease | Adult Pack Years | 0.0284 | 0.0136 | 0.0436 |
Heart disease | Adult Pack Years | 0.0041 | − 0.0149 | 0.0229 |
Mortality | Adult Pack Years—> GrimAgeAdj | 0.0084 | 0.0042 | 0.0128 |
Cancer | Adult Pack Years—> GrimAgeAdj | 0.0084 | 0.0013 | 0.0155 |
High blood pressure | Adult Pack Years—> GrimAgeAdj | 0.0184 | 0.0110 | 0.0264 |
Lung disease | Adult Pack Years—> GrimAgeAdj | 0.0161 | 0.0091 | 0.0235 |
Heart disease | Adult Pack Years—> GrimAgeAdj | 0.0150 | 0.0082 | 0.0222 |
Panel C. Indirect effects of smoking in youth on health outcomes—PhenoAgeAdj | ||||
Mortality | PhenoAgeAdj | − 0.0007 | − 0.0044 | 0.0024 |
Cancer | PhenoAgeAdj | − 0.0005 | − 0.0035 | 0.0016 |
High blood pressure | PhenoAgeAdj | − 0.0007 | − 0.0052 | 0.0026 |
Lung disease | PhenoAgeAdj | − 0.0003 | − 0.0027 | 0.0011 |
Heart disease | PhenoAgeAdj | − 0.0006 | − 0.0040 | 0.0022 |
Mortality | Adult Pack Years | 0.0080 | − 0.0012 | 0.0172 |
Cancer | Adult Pack Years | 0.0285 | 0.0031 | 0.0565 |
High blood pressure | Adult Pack Years | 0.0122 | − 0.0025 | 0.0281 |
Lung disease | Adult Pack Years | 0.0445 | 0.0299 | 0.0601 |
Heart disease | Adult Pack Years | 0.0185 | − 0.0022 | 0.0393 |
Mortality | Adult Pack Years—> PhenoAgeAdj | 0.0016 | 0.0003 | 0.0034 |
Cancer | Adult Pack Years—> PhenoAgeAdj | 0.0011 | 0.0001 | 0.0028 |
High blood pressure | Adult Pack Years—> PhenoAgeAdj | 0.0016 | 0.0001 | 0.0040 |
Lung disease | Adult Pack Years—> PhenoAgeAdj | 0.0007 | − 0.0002 | 0.0021 |
Heart disease | Adult Pack Years—> PhenoAgeAdj | 0.0013 | 0.0001 | 0.0032 |
Panel D. Indirect effects of smoking in youth on health outcomes—DunedinPoAm38 | ||||
Mortality | DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0008 | − 0.0032 | 0.0037 |
Cancer | DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0008 | − 0.0031 | 0.0054 |
High blood pressure | DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0013 | − 0.0047 | 0.0079 |
Lung disease | DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0009 | − 0.0032 | 0.0058 |
Heart disease | DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0009 | − 0.0036 | 0.0050 |
Mortality | Adult Pack Years | 0.0028 | − 0.0063 | 0.0120 |
Cancer | Adult Pack Years | 0.0220 | − 0.0035 | 0.0495 |
High blood pressure | Adult Pack Years | 0.0022 | − 0.0128 | 0.0180 |
Lung disease | Adult Pack Years | 0.0374 | 0.0235 | 0.0521 |
Heart disease | Adult Pack Years | 0.0121 | − 0.0086 | 0.0325 |
Mortality | Adult Pack Years—> DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0065 | 0.0035 | 0.0098 |
Cancer | Adult Pack Years—> DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0072 | 0.0020 | 0.0128 |
High blood pressure | Adult Pack Years—> DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0112 | 0.0050 | 0.0182 |
Lung disease | Adult Pack Years—> DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0075 | 0.0018 | 0.0135 |
Heart disease | Adult Pack Years—> DunedinPoAm38Adj | 0.0074 | 0.0022 | 0.0132 |